Devastation of New World Ecosystems During the Age of...

The New World, in the minds and descriptions of European explorers and settlers during the sixteenth century, was comparable to a paradise on earth. The landscape was so vast and indescribably beautiful that even Columbus had trouble articulating its splendor. However, lacking a consciousness of conservation, Europeans felt little remorse in exploiting the land and subjugating its people. From the beginning Europeans set out to transform as much of the New World into the Old World as possible. As a result, the New World, over the course of two centuries, was overtaken by foreign plant and animal species, leveled by deforestation, and devastated by disease. This imposition of Old World values significantly impacted the ecology of the New†¦show more content†¦All of these crops, along with many other European food plants, were successfully cultivated in the New World. European food plants grew so well that Crosby states, All the seeds they had sown sprouted in three days and w ere ready to be eaten by the twenty-fifth day (67). Wheat, which was the primary dietary staple of Europeans, prospered especially well in the New World. Europeans cultivated and processed wheat in practically every New World settlement and within decades of the discovery of the New World, wheat not only prospered in North America, but was also successfully harvested in New Granada, Central America, and even as far south as Chile (Crosby 71). The ecological impact of European food plants on the New World is clouded by agricultural success. There is no doubt that from an agricultural standpoint European food plants were ecologically successful. This was primarily due to the fact that the plants grew so well in New World climates and soils. However, commonly ignored are the countless numbers of cultures, lifestyles, and habitats that were significantly altered to make way for the migration of European food plants. As European food plants continued to prosper, hundreds of acres of wooded areas surrounding European settlements were burned or leveled to provide adequate space for cultivation. As a result, many indigenous plant and animal species were forced from their natural habitats and niches that were crucial to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Words   |  7 Pages-9 26 May 2016 The Age of Exploration John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: â€Å"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.† (Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. 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Sociology of Crime - 654 Words

Social Issue: Crime Crime affects all human beings regardless of their race, religion, age, or nationality. Some groups will encounter crime on a more regular basis than others and a primary example of this socioeconomic state. According to sociologists, crime is caused by deviation from the accepted norms of the society (Andersen Taylor 2009). Traditionally, lower income areas within a society will have more crime and more violent crime than areas with more economic advantages. This makes sense; areas with higher incomes will be less likely to experience theft as people can afford necessities as well as luxuries. People with less money and less possessions will be more likely to feel encumbered by their lack of financial excess and will steal in order to acquire money and goods which they could not otherwise possess. Areas with lower incomes are also more likely to have heavy drug use and prostitution which sociologists argue has to do with a psychological need to escape the dire reality of their livi ng situations. Sociology is the study of the workings of a given social group and crime is a major negative factor in groups which sociologists should study. Therefore, this issue is an important one in the field of sociology and to those who study societies. By examining the link between social and economic status and crime it is possible to identify ways and means of limiting criminal behavior and its negative impact on the societies in which the crimes occur. EconomicsShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 PagesAshley Duran Sociology 1101 August 9, 2010 Poverty and Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. 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Calculative Practice and Innovation Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Calculative Practice and Innovation. Answer: The article main purpose was to explore the association between innovative activity and calculative practice. How calculative practice like accounting develops knowledge which acts as the innovation engine has been fully investigated. The role of accounting through accounting performative impacts is explored to assist in changing the world. The authors overriding thesis in this article is; engines engaged in enticing actors into undertaking novel things by corresponding abilities to stimulate such actors to raise novel queries to observe novel prospects. The authors held that calculative practices provoke the knowledge and insight mobilization process thus becoming integral part of innovation. A dynamic relationship exists between calculative-practice and innovation. This is because the innovation drifts because of calculative practices which are engines that assist in bringing such a drift together. The author uses the example of Telepass technology to illustrate that innovation could influence and recreate engine afresh. The article uses Telepass story as an explanation of how such innovation trajectory described a string of drifts calculative practice performativity mobilizes. It generally indicates the paybacks of studying mutual accounting constitution/vastly calculative practices besides its organizational issues like innovation over a period of time. It calls for such a study to pay attention to the interplays and interactions thereby unearthing that these correlations remain complex and problematic. However, it is held that such an insight further becomes performative to study that might be inspired for the engagement of more in dilemmatic contexts that this kind of interaction presents primarily with concerning counterforces which could halt/bar performativity to unravel; to prevent engines performance. The conclusion is that the alternative model never performed always and hence call to action that Telepasss case could motivate researchers to further to undertake an exploration of the condition for engines performative to be either feasible or unfeasible. Discussion Items Can another methodology be used in explore thesis as outlined above? What are some of the limitations of using the alternative methodology stated above? How best can the limitations realized in the current article be mitigated in the future exploration? References Revellino, S., Mouritsen, J. (2015).Accounting as an engine: The performativity of calculative practices and the dynamics of innovation.Management Accounting Research, 28, 31-49.

MARTIN LUTHER This Essay Is Concerned With Martin Luther (1483-1546),

MARTIN LUTHER This essay is concerned with Martin Luther (1483-1546), and his concept of Christianity. Luther began his ecclesiastical career as an Augustinian Monk in the Roman Catholic Church. Consequently, Luther was initially loyal to the papacy, and even after many theological conflicts, he attempted to bring about his reconciliation with the Church. But this was a paradox not to endure because in his later years, Luther waged a continual battle with the papacy. Luther was to become a professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg where, in 1957, he posted his critique of the Roman Catholic Church's teachings and practices. This is otherwise known as The Ninety-Five Theses, which is usually considered to be the original document of the Reformation. Basically, this document was an indictment of the venality of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly the widespread practice of selling indulgences in as sociation with the sacrament of penance. Luther's beliefs on the matter was that after confession, absolution relied upon the sinner's faith and God's Divine Grace rather than the intervention of a priest. At this point, Luther did not advocate an actual separation from the Roman Catholic Church. Instead, Luther felt his suggested reforms York-3 could be implemented within Catholicism. If this had taken place, the Protestant Reformation would probably not of ever seen the light of day--nor would it have been necessary. But the theological practices being what they were in the Roman Church, there was little chance at that time for any great variations to occur within its folds. The Church of Rome was thoroughly monolithic and set in its ways and was not about to mutate into something else. If a metamorphosis had occurred within the Roman Catholic Church, Luther would have had a different destiny. But Luther's fate was sealed, and his job was cut out for him. Concerning Luther and the Reformation, Paul Tillich states: "The turning point of the Reformation and of church history in general is the experience of an Augustinian monk in his monastic cell--Martin Luther. Martin Luther did not merely teach different doctrines; others had done that also, such as Wyclif. But none of the others who protested against the Roman system were able to break through it. The only man who really made a breakthrough, and whose breakthrough has transformed the surface of the earth, was Martin Luther. . . . He is one of the few great prophets of the Christian Church, and his greatness is overwhelming, even if it was limited by some of his personal traits and his later development. He is responsible for the fact that a purified Christianity, a Christianity of the Reformation, was able to establish i tself equal terms with the Roman tradition" (Tillich 227). Tillich's York-4 main emphasis, then, is not on Luther as the founder of Lutheranism, but as the person who broke through the system of the Church of Rome. Luther shattered the theological restraints and distortions of the Roman Catholic religion. This accomplishment amounts to the establishment of another religion known as Protestantism, a faith that was generated from the Reformation, with its advocates such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Knox. However, Luther stood out as one of the Reformation titans in a most unique manner. Roland H. Bainton suggests the following concerning Luther's reforms with regard to the Catholic sacraments; "But Luther's rejection of the five sacraments might even have been tolerated had it not been for the radical transformation which he effected in the two which he retained. From his view of baptism, he was not a second baptism, and no vow should ever be taken beyond the baptismal vow. Most serious of all was Luther's reduction of the mass to the Lord's Supper. The mass is central for the entire Roman Catholic system because the mass is believed to be a repetition of the Incarnation and the Crucifixion. When the bread and wine are transubstantiated, God again becomes flesh and Christ again dies upon the altar. This wonder can be performed only by priests empowered through ordination. . . His first insistence was that the sacrament of the mass must be not magical but mystical. . . He, too, had no mind to