tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76633205008968482572024-02-20T14:18:13.648-08:00Help me with my essayInterpret Essay 5 TopicsBill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-12032656720257420592020-08-25T21:45:00.001-07:002020-08-25T21:45:03.472-07:00Ethical Dilemma EssaysMoral Dilemma Essays Moral Dilemma Essay Moral Dilemma Essay Fowler, M. D. , Aroskar, M. A. (1997). Moral Dilemmas Nursing Practice. (fifth ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. Desjardins, J. (2009). An Introduction to Business Ethics. (third ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ghillyer, A. (2010). Business Ethics: A Real World Approach. (second ed. ). Boston: Mcgraw-Hill Higher Education. Klein, E. R. (2003). Individuals First! Expert and Business Ethics without Ethics. Oxford, UK: University Press Of America. MacNiven, D. (1993). Inventive Morality. London, UK: Routledge. Narveson, J. (1998). Selfishness and Altruism. In R. Chadwick, Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 15-21). London, UK: Academic Press Limited. Preston, N. (1996). Getting Ethics. Sydney, NSW, Australia: The Federation Press. Shaw, W. H. , Barry, V. , Sansbury, G. (2009). Moral issues in Business. (first Asia-Pacific ed. ). South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-87137257015551448522020-08-22T05:55:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:55:36.417-07:00Eternal Light free essay sampleAnother ââ¬Å"wayfarerâ⬠is Victor Frankenstein, who is taking a stab at ââ¬Å"eternal light,â⬠yet in another viewpoint. He is the ââ¬Å"Modern Prometheus,â⬠aching to ââ¬Å"pour a downpour of light into our dull world,â⬠while making a person â⬠a deed, which is characteristic for God (26). His creation is the third member in the ââ¬Å"journeyâ⬠to ââ¬Å"eternal light. â⬠He is anonymous, or all the more frequently called the animal, the beast, the reprobate, or the one with ââ¬Å"unearthly uglinessâ⬠(55). Victorââ¬â¢s creation additionally dreams for ââ¬Å"eternal lightâ⬠in the significance of unadulterated love or bliss, yet he is constrained to follow the opposite course â⬠to ââ¬Å"darkness and distanceâ⬠(134). The three meet each other at the ââ¬Å"land of fog and snow,â⬠where their ââ¬Å"journeyâ⬠closes, where the fringe among conceivable and basic lies, among dream and reality, among virtuoso and humanity, among God and humankind, between ââ¬Å"a nation of interminable lightâ⬠and ââ¬Å"darkness and separation. â⬠The character, responsible for the novelââ¬â¢s dramatization, is Victor Frankenstein, an understudy in humanities. We will compose a custom exposition test on Everlasting Light or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ââ¬Å"A conceivable understanding of the name Victor gets from the sonnet Paradise Lost by John Milton, an extraordinary effect on Shelley (a citation from Paradise Lost is on the initial page of Frankenstein and Shelley even permits the beast himself to understand it). Milton every now and again alludes to God as ââ¬Ëthe Victorââ¬â¢ in Paradise Lost, and Shelley considers Victor to be playing God by making lifeâ⬠(Wikipedia). As a divine being Victor is resolved to invest humankind: ââ¬Å"Yet my heart flooded with graciousness, and the affection for goodness. I had started existence with kindhearted aims, and yearned for the second when I should place them practically speaking, and make myself valuable to my individual beingsâ⬠(50). Also, as Prometheus, he gives the world ââ¬Å"a sparkle of beingâ⬠(28). Outfitting the world with such extraordinary force Frankenstein should assume the liability of maker and assist his with gifting be helpful not damaging. Anyway he misuses it. At the point when he is fifteen, he witnesses ââ¬Å"a generally savage and horrendous thunderstorm,â⬠which ââ¬Å"utterly destroysâ⬠a ââ¬Å"old and excellent oakâ⬠(18). This occasion could be deciphered as an inference to how pestilential this ââ¬Å"spark of beingâ⬠could be. As Miglena Nikolchina fights, the ââ¬Å"serious ailmentâ⬠is ââ¬Å"in the man alone, attempted the ââ¬Ëgodlikeââ¬â¢ capacity to be a maker, yet in numerous regards juvenile for itâ⬠(57). The solid purpose behind the animal being ââ¬Å"spurned at, and kicked, and stomped on onâ⬠is his physical offensiveness (133). Why Frankensteinââ¬â¢s creation is monstrous? As indicated by Cvetan Stoyanov, ââ¬Å"Ugliness is in truth estrangement, floating away from the essential standard â⬠natural couldn't be appalling, violating and murdering it is uglyâ⬠(206). Something, frequently refered to in association with Shelleyââ¬â¢s work is a sentence wherein the ideal craftsman is depicted as an ethically impeccable man, as a ââ¬Å"second maker, perfect Prometheus under the sky of Jupiterâ⬠(Shaftsbury 207). In this regard Miglena Nikolchina thinks about Frankenstein as an incompetent craftsman, since he isn't ââ¬Å"morally perfectâ⬠and shows this as a purpose behind the monsterââ¬â¢s grotesqueness. She asserts that the Frankensteinââ¬â¢s ethical quality isn't one of a maker, yet one of a normal man. ââ¬Å"Frankenstein has not liked that adoration â⬠in particular love and just love his creation needs â⬠is the principal normal for maker. â⬠ââ¬Å"Ugliness turns out the sign, abandoned by the maker who imbues life, yet doesn't figure out how to come to adore it and accordingly calls forward death, for it is preposterous the destined for living to be made without adoration, and has no essentialness what is denied of the leniency to be lovedâ⬠(Nikolchina 79-82). Victorââ¬â¢s visual impairment about the monsterââ¬â¢s guiltless nature is more hurtful than the physical visual deficiency. The visually impaired De Lacey is the main man who sees the beasts great goals. About the structure of the novel Nikolchina offers an intriguing definition. It is ââ¬Å"constructed as though of concentric circles of ice. The cruising toward the North Pole is the external circle, which fill in as an edge of Frankensteinââ¬â¢s story. The discussion between the beast and Frankenstein among the ocean of ice close Chamounix is the edge of the monsterââ¬â¢s story, which is the center of the novelâ⬠(Nikolchina 86). The focal piece of his story is when in the wake of torching the cabin of De Lacey he ponders: ââ¬Å"And now, with the world before me, whither would it be advisable for me to twist my means? (80). In the future he begins chasing for his maker and starts distancing from his characteristic guiltlessness. The animal wends his way toward ââ¬Å"darkness and separation. â⬠The changing nature validates his ethical breakdown: ââ¬Å"I voyaged uniquely around evening time, dreadful of experiencing the look of an individual. Nature rotted around me, and the sun got heatless; downpour and snow poured around me; powerful streams were solidified; the outside of the earth was hard, and chill, and exposed, and I found no shelterâ⬠(81). ââ¬Å"Advancing into experience,â⬠Miglena Nikolchina clarifies, ââ¬Å"is going into a center of cold as wellâ⬠(87). She proposes two viewpoints in examining the job of ice. First it could be viewed as ââ¬Å"a incomparable, aloof, unsusceptible to changes reality. It raises Frankenstein ââ¬Ëfrom all modesty of feeling,ââ¬â¢ it fills him with ââ¬Ëa grand joy that offers wings to the spirit, and permits it to take off from the dark world to light and joyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Nikolchina 87). Such an everlasting and boundless is the image before Robert Walton as well: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the district of magnificence and pleasure. â⬠¦the sun is for ever noticeable; its wide plate simply evading the skyline, and diffusing an unending magnificence. The explorerââ¬â¢s trusts are extraordinary to such an extent that they turn out dreams â⬠he envisions a totally unbelievable North Pole: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦there day off ice are exiled; and, cruising over a quiet ocean, we might be floated to a land outperforming in ponders and in excellence each locale heretofore found on the tenable globeâ⬠(2). Th e Modern Prometheus picks the ââ¬Å"wild and puzzling regionsâ⬠to ââ¬Å"the tamer scenes of natureâ⬠(11). He goes past the possibilities of conventional individuals, in any case, pointing not at appreciating of the Great Nature, however at picking up the celestial insider facts. While Elizabeth mulls over ââ¬Å"with a genuine and fulfilled soul the eminent appearances of things,â⬠Victor delights ââ¬Å"in researching their causes. â⬠Elizabeth follows ââ¬Å"the flying manifestations of the poetsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"in the superb and wondrous scenesâ⬠she finds ââ¬Å"ample scope for adoration and delight,â⬠while Victor is ââ¬Å"capable of an increasingly extreme application,â⬠and is ââ¬Å"more profoundly stricken with the hunger for knowledgeâ⬠(15). He lifts his keenness, however not his spirit. He doesn't understand that new conceived (for his creation develops in a totally new world) needs love and participation. Endeavoring to everlasting light,â⬠he experiences ââ¬Å"impenetrable haziness. â⬠Night is shutting around,â⬠â⬠dark are the mountains,â⬠ââ¬Å"heavens are cloudedâ⬠(40-41). The ââ¬Å"spark of beingâ⬠turns out a repulsive fetus removal. ââ¬Å"Thick fogs conceal the highest points of the mountainsâ⬠(54). Frankenstein falls into ââ¬Å"deep, dull, deathlike solitudeâ⬠(50). Enduring ââ¬Å"the endless twinkling of the stars weighed upon him,â⬠as opposed to pleasing ââ¬Å"eternal light,â⬠he shouts: ââ¬Å"Oh! stars, and mists, and winds, ye are going to deride me: if ye truly feel sorry for me, pulverize sensation and memory; let me become as nothing; however on the off chance that not, withdraw, leave, and leave me in darknessâ⬠(87). The radiant scenes offer approach to shocking ââ¬Å"dusky plainâ⬠(124). The other part of the ice, agreeing Nikolchina, is ââ¬Å"something desolate and dead; like a force, which is unfriendly to life; like mutenessâ⬠(88). Aching retribution, Victor withdraws from land and ââ¬Å"pursues his excursion over the ocean toward a path that prompts no land,â⬠ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the snows thicken and the virus increments in a degree excessively serious to supportâ⬠¦ The waterways were secured with ice and no fish could be procuredâ⬠(123). The nature is by all accounts aroused and acts against Frankenstein: ââ¬Å"Immense and tough piles of ice frequently banned up my section, and I regularly heard the roar of the ground ocean which undermined my destructionâ⬠(124). It appears he has stepped on some concealed outskirt that can not be crossed. ââ¬Å"When he shows up nearly inside handle of his enemy, his expectations are out of nowhere stifled, [ ]. The breeze emerges; the ocean thunders; and, similarly as with the relentless stun of a quake, it parts and breaks with an enormous and overpowering sound. The work is before long completed: in no time flat a turbulent ocean moves among him and his foe, and he is left floating on a dissipated bit of ice, that is persistently decreasing, and subsequently getting ready for him an ugly deathâ⬠(124). ââ¬Å"Walton is additionally encircled by heaps of ice which concede to no way out and compromise each second to pulverize his vesselâ⬠(127). The circumstance with the ââ¬Å"unearthlyâ⬠animal is anyway unique. The surge of his profound improvement is in opposition to the ones of Frankenstein and Walton. Through the appellation ââ¬Å"unearthlyâ⬠Shelley differe Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-66437051911353213242020-08-09T20:24:00.001-07:002020-08-09T20:24:02.756-07:00JargonJargon Putting the definition of punt at the end of my last entry got me skimming through the glossary of my current edition of How to Get Around MIT (alternatively How To GAMIT or HoToGAMIT). Since youre reading blogs of MIT students and alums, you should learn a bunch of the jargon that we MIT folks sometimes use (a small selection from How To GAMITs glossary) armadillo A small set of drawers common to a select few dorms. beaver The MIT mascot, engineer of the animal kingdom. Bruno A unit of volume resulting from a piano falling six stories onto Amherst Alley from the roof of Baker House. CP Campus Police. cruft Old equipment; junk. Being able to take cruft again and make it work again, or do something new and useful, is a badge of honor. drop (1) v. To de-register for a subject during a term. (2) n. Network access point. (3) n. Type of sodium experiment performed by Third East. Flammschmeisser A gas-fired device used for spreading burning iron particles when creating a hoax crop circle. FSILG Fraternity, Sorority, or Independent Living Group. GIR General Institute Requirement. A class that all undergraduates must pass in order to get their degree. hack (1) n. A trick or prank. For example, having a balloon pop out of the field in the middle of the Hahvahd-Yale football game or getting elected Undergraduate Association President are fine hacks. (2) n. An inelegant shortcut to get something done quickly, for example in a computer program. (3) v. To use or operate something in a manner outside its design or published documentation; see kludge. (4) v. To explore ordinarily inaccessible or unknown places; equivalent to go hacking. (5) v. To apply oneself with utmost dedication in order to understand or become proficient in something. Example: a computer hacker. Also connotes fanaticism. hacker n. (1) One who hacks. (2) One who pulls hacks. (3) One who goes hacking. hosed Bogged down with work. IAP Independent Activities Period. The month of January at MIT, and the most fun time to be on campus. intuitively obvious aj. (1) Too simpleminded to deserve explanation. (2) More often, too abstruse to explain, if the speaker even understands it at all. kludge [rhymes with stooge] n. (1) A Rube Goldberg-style device which appears unlikely to work but does anyhow. (2) A method by which something is effectively but inelegantly made to perform a function for which it was not designed. (3) Something complex that doesnt work, e.g., this definition. Mystery Hunt The famous annual weekend-long puzzle competition held during IAP (q.v.). nerd [pronounced gnurd] n. (1) Someone with a high level of expertise in an esoteric, usually technical field. A badge of honor at the Institute, e.g., Nerd Pride. (2) Someone who studies too much. See tool. punt (1) v.t. To determine after analytical deliberation not to do something often academic in nature. (2) v.i. To be in the process of not doing something. Smoot A unit of length equal to the height of Oliver Smoot 62, most commonly used for the Harvard Bridge (364.4 Smoots plus 1 ear). tomb An enclosed space, often created when a new building is put next to an old one without fully coordinating the floorplans. They tend to be named by the first hackers who find them. tool (1) v. To study. (2) n. One who studies to an extreme. Connotes over-concentration on problem sets. Supertool: an extreme extreme. (3) n. MIT student. Slightly derogatory. See nerd. Bonus points for using these in your comments, or, even better, as many as possible in one sentence ;) Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-47666269424262022732020-05-23T15:37:00.001-07:002020-05-23T15:37:06.386-07:00Essay on Prejudice and Racism in The Adventures of... Prejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is an excellent example of racism in literature, because it uses language describing African Americans which goes beyond satire. It treats them as objects and perpetuates stereotypes. It does not expose and deal with racism, as many advocates of its reading claim, but encourages an attitude of superiority that is unnecessary and intolerable. In order to rid ourselves from this racism, African American literature should be read more often in classrooms throughout the United States. Anything less will simply perpetuate racism. The American Heritage Dictionary defines racismâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Instead, he is acted upon and is often the center of attention, treated as a problem throughout the book. When he breaks this pattern, and takes action, his image is not helped. Even when he tries to help Tom near the end, he is not shown as a human being, but at best a noble savage who acts without reason. Finally, Jims character is a stereotype. He is a black man trying to find a new home, and buy back his family. He believes in a wealth of superstitions and religious taboos which the white reader often laughs at. He has no desire to pursue academics, nor any concerns of finding a real job. This image, forwarded by Twain without any indication that he disagrees with it, clearly illustrates racial superiority. The whites in the story might be bad, but they are not ever grouped together, or called by such a painful term as niggers. Using the term nigger has no healing effect, especially not among white readers. Most shrug and say Yeah, I guess thats offensive, but I dont mind it, its part of the times. Surely they would not say the same if they were African Americans. Whites cannot possibly understand the anguish this causes, possibly with the exception of frequent Anti-Semitism which must be endured by many Jewish children. We just dont care, and do not see why othersShow MoreRelated Prejudice and Racism in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1062 Words à |à 5 PagesPrejudice and Racism in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn à Despite all the criticism, of racism and other questionable material for young readers, Mark Twainââ¬â¢s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn is a superbly written novel, which in the opinion of this reviewer should not be remove the literary cannon. Twainââ¬â¢s novel is a coming of age story that teaches young people many valuable lessons and to some extend makes students reexamine their own lives and morals. The most common argumentRead More The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn829 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Aristotle was once asked what he thought friendship was. His response was, One soul inhabiting two bodies. This was the kind of relationship that Huckleberry Finn and Jim shared in Mark Twains epic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This novel is a tool that Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemmons, was using to impress the great benefits of friendship upon society. However, others feelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words à |à 5 PagesJhonatan Zambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of theRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book that has racial attitudes towards a society. It is1200 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book that has racial attitudes towards a society. It is written in a language which is more artistic than usual. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer may be a book for young adults and children, but the Adventures of huckleberry Finn is not so much for kids. Mark twain shows the evil in his society by satirizing the institution of racism by using irony. Mark Twainââ¬â¢s best works is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The main characters in the book are HuckleberryRead More Mark Twain a Racist? Absolutely not!1597 Words à |à 7 PagesCelebrating its 135th anniversary this year, Mark Twainââ¬â¢s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic of American literature and is read by millions across the nation every year. However, many claim that the book promotes and endorses the heinous act of racism. In their attacks on the classic, many of the bookââ¬â¢s critics employ evidence such as the use of the n-word 211 times (Powers, 2010) and the novelââ¬â¢s repeated inferior depiction of African-Americans. Many supporters of the novel, thoughRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1346 Words à |à 6 Pages An in depth look at ââ¬Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnâ⬠Racism was an ever present evil that was prevelant during the 1830s and 1840s that lead to a multitude of wrongdoings against blacks. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young child name Huck and how he matures in a society teeming with racism. While on his adventure, he must learn to make tough, adult-like decisions. He travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave who later becomes one his his greatest friends. In MarkRead MoreDehumanism In Huckleberry Finn Essay867 Words à |à 4 Pageshistory of transporting people from Africa to the colonies and enslaved greatly stains its reputation. Categorizing the African slaves utilizing derogatory references as a form of dehumanizing them. American literature like Mark Twainââ¬â¢s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn provides this sense of realism portraying real life of the brutal and ugly aspects of life, as in this case slavery. In the book, it uses the n-word over two hundred times stirring up controversy, hundred and thirty three years later onRead MoreEssay on Huckleberry Finn: Hypocrisy in ââ¬Å"Civilizedâ⬠Society713 Words à |à 3 PagesLambert Kelsey Mrs. Gunn A.P. English Literature 6 18 December 2012 Huckleberry Finn: Hypocrisy in ââ¬Å"Civilizedâ⬠Society The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a sequel to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain illustrates the Southern states and slavery. Published in 1884, the novel focuses on the important issues that affected America. These issues included racism, slavery, civilization and greed. The book has become one of the most controversial books ever written. The controversy hasRead More Racism in Huck Finn Essay example3609 Words à |à 15 PagesRacism in Huck Finn Kids are often exposed to books long before they are ready for them or exposed to them in a manner that seems almost calculated to evaporate whatever enthusiasm the student may bring to them. Very few youngsters of high school age are ready for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Leaving aside its subtle depiction of racial attitudes and its complex view of American society, the book is written in a language that will seem baroque, obscure and antiquated to many young peopleRead More Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1136 Words à |à 5 PagesStruggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn à à à à à The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldnt stand it no longer, I lit out. The aforementioned quotation best describes Hucks philosophy when faced with ties that bind. When he is unable to take the restrictions of life any longer, whether Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-35192735036917000822020-05-12T12:20:00.001-07:002020-05-12T12:20:03.885-07:00Sci Damath Andoroid Game - 9675 Words Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will show the different content such as project context, project description and purposes, project objectives, project scope and limitation, project definition of terms that are directly related to the project. It will discuss in detail the aim of this study and the goals behind it. Project Context As time passes the type of information that user need to often changes in order to make information more convenient and easy to produce thus mobile devices are invented. A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in the hand. One popular type of mobile device is the mobile phone. Android phones are very popular now a day. Every month there are new releases of the newest model and brand.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Developer It will help the developer in exploring and studying other possibilities of controlling some computer function using Android application. User This will help the users to lessen the time and find a better way in searching information about herbal medicines. Future Researchers This serves as related study providing reference that may be used in other researchers and it add interest and insights about the application of different Android operating system Objectives The general objective of this study is to create a game of computer terms that can be used in android operating system. Specially, it aimed to: 1. To analyze the hardware and software that we need to use to create our system. 2. To give hassle free and to have instant and compatible application in mobile phones. 3. To evaluate an application that is approved not only to the students and faculty but also to the people that can use the application in terms usability, design, user-friendliness and error handling. Scope and Limitation The study covered by computer terms and their definition but was limited to one thousand (1,000) computer-related or information technology terms as well as their definitions. It is smartphones software application that gives entertainment and knowledge while you playing this application. It can provides attractive design that will help to Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-11430212470840532282020-05-06T12:22:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:22:15.654-07:00Critique an Article Free Essays Introduction In order to benefit and fully understand what exactly a certain article is researching or auguring it needs to be analysed and critiqued to the point of understanding so to demonstrate this, the author of this material is going to analyse and critique the article, Factors influencing the food choices of Irish children and adolescents: a qualitative investigation. To achieve this in a well structured, well laid out piece of literature the author will use a checklist devised to critique a qualitative research study, in which it will be clear to recognise under appropriate headings. To conclude this assignment the author will mention any difficulties or problems that occurred through out the assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique an Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now Title The title is very short but clearly states what the article is about. Parahoo (2006) mentions that the title should indicate the exact area of study and mention the population from who the information was collected. The title also is very informative with regards to the research method used as itââ¬â¢s clearly stated. Author As indicated on the article, the authors have well recognisable qualifications. Amanda Fitzgerald is from School of Psychology, national University of Ireland, Galway, and is also corresponding author. Caroline Heary is also form School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway. Elizabeth Nixon is from School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and Collete Kelly is from the School Of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Abstract There is an abstract as such but titled summary which acts as the same purpose, as Parahoo (2006) states that an abstract is a short summary of a study. The research problem being that there is relatively little research done to explore the factors that influence the food choices of children and adolescents form their point of view is mentioned in this summary. The methodology of this study uses focus group discussions of 29 young people, in different age groups, ages ranging from 9-10, 13-14 and 16-18 years. From these discussions an inductive thematic analysis identified three key factors influencing food choices. Parahoo (2006) suggests that the abstract should mention the main findings which are referred to in this summary as, that their were developmental differences between childrenââ¬â¢s and adolescents perceptions of factors influencing food choice. Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest The phenomenon of interest is stated in the introduction as the author clearly mentions that this study was to understand the processes used to make food choices from the participants perspective. The researcher has mentioned that few studies have set out to qualitatively examine young peopleââ¬â¢s own views so this is an indication that the researcher wants to explore the participants own experiences through a qualitative method i. e. Focus groups. The philosophical underpinnings are clearly that the author has identified that few qualitatively studies have been carried out to examine the factors influencing the food choices of Irish children and adolescents from their own perspective. Also the researcher wants to access how they interact with others in the environment about food choices. Purpose The purpose of this study was evident from the title and clearly explained in-depth through out the article. The purpose of this study was to explore differences between childrenââ¬â¢s and adolescentsââ¬â¢ views regarding influences on their food choices. The researcher doesnââ¬â¢t go too much into detail about how this research helps nurses but does mention that this study has useful implications for clinicians. Overall the use of the information obtained in this research would be of use to nursing in nutrional education for similar each groups in hospital. Method The researcher obtained the information from the participants using semi-structured interviews to guide focus group discussions. The use of focus groups is very suitable in this qualitative study. Parahoo (2006) mentions that choosing focus groups as apposed to individual interviews helps to get more in-depth information from the participantsââ¬â¢ experience about a certain topic, it aids the researcher to get a wider view from all different experiences and leads participants to freely discuss and share their ideas. The use of focus groups enabled all the participants to share their own experiences and opinions about the phenomenon. Sampling The researcher mentions the participants selected and states the ratio of males and females and gives the age groups. The location or venue isnââ¬â¢t mentioned at all. Purposive sampling is indeed used and as Parahoo (2006) points out that researchers use this type of sampling as they select the most appropriate candidates to be able to answer the questions being asked. The questions being asked were aimed at children and adolescents so the aged group selected was between 9-18 years, so they were suitable. Data Collection The data collected is focused on human experiences as the researcher mentions the use of focus groups which were semi-structured to guide the participants to share their own ideas. The focus group discussions were tape recorded, transcribed and double- checked for accuracy. Ethical approval was obtained from the research ethics committee and parents had to provide written consent as well as consent from the participants themselves. The researcher didnââ¬â¢t mention if data saturation had occurred but did mention that following the inductive analysis procedure, categories emerged following repeated readings of the transcripts which identified key concepts. The researcher explains how the data was obtained using an inductive analysis procedure that were transcribed resulting in emerging categories. Data Analysis The focus group discussions were analysed separately and the researcher explains that an inductive thematic analysis was used and explains what this method does. The researcher has remained true to data by using semi-structured interviews which are used in qualitative research and also by using direct quotes which in-riches the data. The researcher does not give direct headings and emphasis to the creditability, audibility and fittingness in the article but they are evident from reading the article. Credibility According to Parahoo (2006), credibility is when a study carried out shows the participants ideas from their perpespectives about the research. The participants do recognise the experience as their own as they explain their answers using scenarios. Audibility Audibility refers to the data produced in a certain study that enables readers to understand the original methods and conclusions used in previous research ( Parahoo, 2006). The reader can follow the way the researcher has carried out the research as the researcher sticks to the qualitative method used to collect information from the participants, through semi-structured interviews. The researcher does mention that the research process used is that of a qualitative process. Fittingness The findings can be applied to people outside the study as the researcher mentions that this study gives a detailed account of young peopleââ¬â¢s food choices from their view points so this information can be used to help other people in understanding. The results can benefit parents along with health care workers, working with that age group, towards building nutrition among children and adolescents. The researcher clearly states that the data in this research piece does support the compatible use of an integrated theoretical framework as its based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and ecological theory so young peopleââ¬â¢s food choices can be explained, as the researcher wanted to understand how the participants engaged with others in their environment about food choices. Findings The reader can gather that the findings are broken down into three different categories, intra-individual factors, intra-familial factors and extra-familial factors. The researchers use of semi-structured interviews long with direct quotes containing scenarios made the data more rich. In the introduction great amount of detail is given to mention about other research and interventions. The researcher highlights that the results from this study helps in previous research. Also mentioned was that other research had found similar ideas among young people. Conclusions, Implications and Recommendatio ns It provides a clear conclusion from the in-depth data received from young people about their perceptions of factors influencing their food choices and gives us an understanding of differences between the age groups preferences. The researcher does state that the findings are useful in passing on information to nutrition education providers with regards to the factors that do effect children and adolescents food choices. As mentioned previously, its not out rightly stated in this study that the findings are made explicit to nurses but one could argue that the findings can be used by a registered nurse in providing nutritional care to this age group. Conclusion This article was very informative and the researcher did make clear from the very beginning, the research method used. This research study was made more rich and descriptive through the use of direct quotes to describe scenarios. This research study had many strengths as well as limitations. The format in which the summary was presented wasnââ¬â¢t very appropriate as its font size and style made it hard to read. Also the researcher failed to mention the exact location and venue where the focus groups took place, along with that, the ratio of girls to boys wasnââ¬â¢t equal, 13 boys to 16 girls. No opt out option was mentioned to the participants. The researcher did use explanations very well as certain terms were defined but too much detail was given in the introduction and discussion. Also too much referencing was used in one paragraph in the introduction. Overall this assignment made me aware of the procedure and method involved in critiquing an article and helped me understand the research process in general. How to cite Critique an Article, Papers Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-69013172790382544482020-05-02T10:20:00.001-07:002020-05-02T10:20:03.854-07:00Concept Of Power Between Legitimate And Illegitimate â⬠Free Samples Question: Discuss about the Concept Of Power Between Legitimate And Illegitimate. Answer: The authors emphasized on the concept of power and describes that why it occupies an absolute position in the society. In this regard, the perspectives of the ancient Athenians were discussed which distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate power. An example of Machiavellis the Prince has been illustrated where individuals can witness power as domination and control where the Prince successfully manages the society by utilizing both legitimate and illegitimate power. It is noteworthy to mention here that since time immemorial, power has been effectively applied by the society towards the individuals. According to Hobbes, there is a flow of power from society to individual. In Nietzsches perspective power is considered as the capacity to define reality. However, Lukes pointed out that power is an essentially contested concept. Wittgenstein however emphasized on concepts of family resemblance in order to define power as a social phenomenon. In the first chapter Gerhard Gohler introduced the distinction between power to and power over which aroused from the distinction made by Aristotle in regard to legitimate and illegitimate power. Various inconsistencies were observed in the distinction between power toand power over. Therefore, Gohler replaced them with transitive and intransitive. In the second chapter, Keith Dowding emphasized that agency and situational advantage is a systematic quality within the rational choice theory. Therefore, he applied the concept of power in order to overcome the accusation that rational choice theory is purely based on agent-centric perspective. In Chapter 3, Peter Morriss demonstrated that how a clear knowledge of power is essential in defining the legitimacy within the liberal tradition. In Chapter 4, by using the methods of comparative political sociology, Charles Tilly examined the utilization of power indices in making sense of levels of democracy and political stability. In Chapter 5, Rob Stones focused on the understanding of power within the framework of structuration theory which was developed by Anthony Giddens. In Chapter 6, the functioning of power in discourse theory has been explained by Jacob Torfing. In Chapter 7, focused that how networks are useful in constituting fabrics of power. In the Chapters 8 and 9, the perspectives of different scholars have been considered with the emergence of a new geography of power. Saskia Sassen alerts the readers about the overlapping mix of spaces and times as the hallmark of the global. However, Allen concentrated on the role played by private equity arrangements. In Chapter 10, Sir Isaiah Berlin provided distinction between positive and negative liberty. The controversial policy innovation has been described which has direct intervention with the aboriginal communities of Australia. In this Chapter the discussion of power suddenly shifts towards the concept of classical liberty. The authors stated that in order to be free from power it is important to gain absolute liberty. In Chapter 11, Nigel Rapport concluded that how the central questioning governing the concept of power is related to the meaning of the self. He notified power is essential as it helps in understanding and addressing the politics of identity. In Chapter 12, Fredrick Engelstad commented that the concept of power is viewed from cultural perspective in the presence of various interpretational modes which influences the social behavior of individuals. In Chapter 13, Gramscis project on hegemony started and therefore shaped researched thinking on power in a new way. In Chapter 14, the classic Weberian account that governs the relationship between power and authority is re-examined. In Chapter 15, critical concepts of power emerged out of the Community Power Debate. However, in Chapter 16 of power was applied was applied to the new emerging concept of feminism and their discussions in relation to race, gender, class and sexuality. In Chapter 17, the authors shared their perspectives on Machiavellian, Nietzscheian and Foucauldian in order to define the account of power. The authors David Courpasson and Franoise Dany demonstrated on the fact that power and resistance are not necessarily illegitimate activities. Kevin Ryan in Chap ter 19 explored that how the relations of power are constituted. Chapter 20 focused on strategic-relational perspective on the state-power nexus. In Chapter 21 it was noted by Phil Cerny in regard to neo-realist perspective that in order to understand the issues of world politics it is important to focus on the power seeking actions of the state as well as on state actors. It has been finally concluded that power is a conceptual tool which is not a single essence; it is eternally contested. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-57049498724114984982020-03-23T02:40:00.001-07:002020-03-23T02:40:02.495-07:00Country Analysis China Table of Contents Introduction Political system Legal system Economic analysis Conclusion References Introduction China has a vibrant economy that forms potential for many investors. The government of China has improved the infrastructure of the country to ensure that investors have a good business environment. The legal systems of the country are favorable for conducting business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Country Analysis: China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The economy of the country has been good and this forms a good foundation for performing business activities. In addition, the political and legal systems support business activities in the country. China has a viable business environment and investors should consider establishing investments in the country (Harper Huhti, 2009). Political system After the second word war China experienced political stability due to the good systems th at were established to protect the economy of the country from future events similar to those experienced during the war. China is politically neutral and this favors business and economic activities in the country. The government participates actively in international activities such as peace talks, environmental protection forums and other global political events. China is located in a business friendly location. The country borders Asia, China Sea, Yellow sea and this facilitates water transport. In china there are civil society groups which monitor the activities of the government leaders. There are lobby groups which ensure that the rights of the people are preserved. China has diplomatic representation in several countries and this makes the country to have peace with other countries in the world (World Factbook, 2010). Legal system The current constitution of China was promulgated in 1982 but has been amended severally to suit the changing legal needs. The legal systems of Ch ina are established on civil system. The laws were developed from the Soviet as well as the legal guidelines of the continental civil code. This implies that the legislature has the mandate to interpret statutes. The constitution of China has no clear guidelines about the review of the legislation by the judiciary. Compulsory ICJ authority is not acceptable by the Chinese government. The constitution of China provides the minimum suffrage is 18 years. This is the age that persons become legally liable (Harper Huhti, 2009). The government of china is headed by a president who is assisted by a vice president. Government events are headed by the premier while the cabinet is headed by state council. The president and his vice are elected after every five years. China has efficient court systems which implement the rule of law. This provides good judicial protection to all business people in the country as well as guiding the people on how to maintain law and order (Harper Huhti, 2009) .Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic analysis For the last three decades the economy of China has experienced a lot of changes. The economy has been transformed from a closed to open economy where international trade has been accepted. The participation of the private sector has also emerged during this period while globalization has been a common happening. Major economic reforms started in the 1970ââ¬â¢s when prices were liberalized, the economy shifted from agriculture to industrialization, industries were decentralized, diversity in the banking sector was experienced and other major economic changes. In the modern days the Chinese government has introduced strategies such as supporting state corporations, improving foreign direct investment among other policies as a means of creating economic security. In 2005 the government devalued the currency of the country against the dollar to provide allowance for other currencies. The economy of China has been performing well and was rated the second largest economy in the world after the US economy in 2009 (World Factbook, 2010). There are various challenges that government encounters in an effort to develop the economy. The first challenge involves the effort to increasing domestic savings, raising domestic demand and strengthening the social safety net. This has caused the country to depend more on the export of its commodities to generate income. The second challenge involves provision of enough jobs for the large number of unemployed people in the country (Kalman, 2008). Many people especially those living in the rural areas are unemployed and this increases the level of poverty in the country. Thirdly, the government struggles to reduce corruption as well as other economic crimes. Government leaders and other senior people are involved in economic crimes and this has remained a major challenge to the government. Corruption is being experienced in almost all offices and this vice has become impossible to eradicate. Lastly, there is a great challenge that the government is facing to reduce environmental damage as well as other social damages caused by the rapid changes being experienced in the country. The environment has continuously been damaged by human activities and this has caused the country to experience many negative impacts that result from environmental degradation (Kalman, 2008). The economy experiences more developments at the coast than at the interior. Rural-urban migration is very high because many people move from the rural areas in search of jobs in the urban centers. The country experiences an ageing population due to the introduction of the one-child policy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Country Analysis: China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the c ountry experiences the problem of environmental deterioration. This has been caused by the high rate of soil and air erosion, and the falling level of water table. To counter the effects of the environmental damage, the government has introduced the policy of getting other sources of energy other than coal and oil. The government is focused towards developing nuclear and other sources of energy. The global economy meltdown that was experienced in 2009 has reduced the amount of exports greatly. The government has introduced the policy of increasing domestic consumption as one of improving the GDP of the country and to avoid over-reliance on exports for earnings (Harper Huhti, 2009). The export commodities of China are electrical and electronics, iron, medical equipment and others. The exports partners of China are the US, Japan, Germany, South Korea and others. The imports are machinery, petroleum products, plastics, chemicals and others. The import partners are Japan, Taiwan, Germa ny, the US, Hong Kong and others. China has established a good business relationship with other countries. The country trades with many countries in the world and this has attracted many investors in the country. The country has a very high foreign direct investment in other countries and this has encouraged other countries to invest in China (Harper Huhti, 2009). The unemployment rate in China is 4.3 percent and this shows that the government has managed to reduce poverty levels by providing economic activities to many people. This is an indication that the supply of labor in the country is low and employers should be prepared to pay attractive remuneration to attract and retain professional and qualified people. Only 2.8 percent of the population lives below the poverty line in the country. However, a bigger number of the people in rural are poorer compared to the urban based (World Factbook, 2010). The rate of inflation as recorded in 2009 was -0.7 percent. This is a small rate and this is a clear indication that the country has a stable economy. However, the country experienced a very high rate of inflation in 2008 (6 percent). This was caused the global economic recession that was being experienced during that period.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today, the economy of China has been able to overcome the shock of the economic recession and there is good progress towards rebuilding the industries that were adversely affected by the recession (World Factbook, 2010). China has a good stock market and this attracts many investors in the global stock market. On the other hand, the commercial banks in the country have attractive lending rates. Most commercial banks lend at 5-6 percent interest and this is a favorable rate that encourages investors to obtain loans from the banks. Investors are encouraged to do business in the country by the provision of a favorable rate of interest on business loans. The government has subsidized all business loans to encourage people invest in the country (World Factbook, 2010). Conclusion China has a viable business environment and investors should consider establishing investments in the country. The political, legal and economic environments of the country are favorable for business activities. China has a well established government system that provides good economic policies for the development of businesses in the country. China has an attractive business environment and foreign investors should consider establishing investments in the country. Due to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, more business opportunities are being created and this allows investors to focus on expanding their businesses. References Harper, D. and Huhti, T. (2009). China. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1741048664, 9781741048667. Kalman, B. (2008). China: The Culture. Crabtree Publishing Company. ISBN 077879301X, 9780778793014. World Factbook (2010). China. Retrieved from; www.cia.gov. This research paper on Country Analysis: China was written and submitted by user Harold Sheppard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-6506480881481251112020-03-06T01:36:00.001-08:002020-03-06T01:36:02.900-08:00John McClernand Civil War Union Major GeneralJohn McClernand Civil War Union Major General John Alexander McClernand was born May 30, 1812, near Hardinsburg, KY. Moving to Illinois at a young age, he was educated in local village schools and at home. First pursuing an agricultural career, McClernand later elected to become a lawyer. Largely self-educated, he passed the Illinois bar exam in 1832. Later that year McClernand received his first military training when he served as a private during the Black Hawk War. A devout Democrat, he founded a newspaper, the Shawneetown Democrat, in 1835 and the following year was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. His initial term lasted only a year, but he returned to Springfield in 1840. An effective politician, McClernand was elected to the US Congress three years later. The Civil War Nears During his time in Washington, McClernand violently opposed the passage of the Wilmot Proviso which would have banned slavery in the territory acquired during the Mexican-American War. An anti-abolitionist and staunch ally of Senator Stephen Douglas, he aided his mentor in passing the Compromise of 1850. Though McClernand left Congress in 1851, he returned in 1859 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Thomas L. Harris. With sectional tensions rising, he became a firm Unionist and worked to advance Douglas cause during the election of 1860. After Abraham Lincoln was elected in November 1860, Southern states began leaving the Union. With the beginning of the Civil War the following April, McClernand commenced efforts to raise a brigade of volunteers for operations against the Confederacy. Eager to maintain a wide base of support for the war, Lincoln appointed the Democratic McClernand a brigadier general of volunteers on May 17, 1861. Early Operations Assigned to the District of Southeast Missouri, McClernand and his men first experienced combat as part of Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants small army at the Battle of Belmont in November 1861. A bombastic commander and political general, he quickly irritated Grant. As Grants command was expanded, McClernand became a division commander. In this role, he took part in the capture of Fort Henry and Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862. At the latter engagement, McClernands division held the Union right but failed to anchor its flank on the Cumberland River or another strongpoint. Attacked on February 15, his men were driven back nearly two miles before Union forces stabilized the line. Rescuing the situation, Grant soon counterattacked and prevented the garrison from escaping. Despite his error at Fort Donelson, McClernand received a promotion to major general on March 21. Seeking Independent Command Remaining with Grant, McClernands division came under heavy attack on April 6 at the Battle of Shiloh. Helping to hold the Union line, he took part in the Union counterattack the next day which defeated General P.G.T. Beauregards Army of the Mississippi. A constant critic of Grants actions, McClernand spent much of the middle of 1862 conducting political maneuvering with the goal of either displacing Major General George B. McClellan in the east or obtaining his own command in the west. Obtaining a leave of absence from his division in October, he traveled to Washington to lobby Lincoln directly. Desiring to maintain a Democrat in a senior military position, Lincoln ultimately granted McClernands request and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton gave him permission to raise troops in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa for an expedition against Vicksburg, MS. A key location on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg was the last obstacle to Union control of the waterway. On the River Though McClernands force initially only reported to Union General-in-Chief Major General Henry W. Halleck, efforts soon commenced to limit the political generals power. This ultimately saw orders issued for him to take command of a new corps to be formed out his current force once he united with Grant who was already operating against Vicksburg. Until McClernand rendezvoused with Grant, he would remain an independent command. Moving down the Mississippi in December he met Major General William T. Shermans corps which was returning north after its defeat at Chickasaw Bayou. The senior general, McClernand added Shermans corps to his own and pressed south aided by Union gunboats led by Rear Admiral David D. Porter. En route, he learned that a Union steamer had been captured by Confederate forces and taken to Arkansas Post (Fort Hindeman) on the Arkansas River. Re-routing the entire expedition on Shermans advice, McClernand ascended the river and landed his troops on January 10. Attackin g the next day, his troops carried the fort in the Battle of Arkansas Post. Issues With Grant This diversion from the effort against Vicksburg greatly angered Grant who saw operations in Arkansas as a distraction. Unaware that Sherman had suggested the attack, he complained loudly to Halleck about McClernand. As a result, orders were issued allowing Grant to take complete control of the Union troops in the area. Uniting his forces, Grant shifted McClernand into command of the newly-formed XIII Corps. Openly resentful of Grant, McClernand spent much of the winter and spring spreading rumors regarding his superiors supposed drinking and behavior. In doing so, he earned the enmity of other senior leaders such as Sherman and Porter who saw him as unfit for corps command. In late April, Grant elected to cut loose from his supply lines and cross the Mississippi south of Vicksburg. Landing at Bruinsburg on April 29, Union forces pressed east towards Jackson, MS. Turning towards Vicksburg, XIII Corps was engaged at the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16. Though a victory, Grant believed that McClernands performance during the battle was lacking as he had failed to press the fight. The next day, XIII Corps attacked and defeated Confederate forces at the Battle of Big Black River Bridge. Beaten, Confederate forces withdrew into the Vicksburg defenses. Pursuing, Grant mounted unsuccessful assaults on the city on May 19. Pausing for three days, he renewed his efforts on May 22. Attacking all along the Vicksburg fortifications, Union troops made little headway. Only on McClernands front was a foothold gained in the 2nd Texas Lunette. When his initial request for reinforcements was declined, he sent Grant a misleading message implying that he had taken two Confederate forts and that another push might win the day. Sending McClernand additional men, Grant reluctantly renewed his efforts elsewhere. When all of the Union efforts failed, Grant blamed Mc Clernand and cited his earlier communications. With the failure of the May 22 assaults, Grant commenced a siege of the city. In the wake of the assaults, McClernand issued a congratulatory message to his men for their efforts. The language used in the message sufficiently angered Sherman and Major General James B. McPherson that they lodged complaints with Grant. The message was also printed in Northern newspapers which was in contravention of War Department policy and Grants own orders. Having been constantly annoyed with McClernands behavior and performance, this breach of protocol gave Grant the leverage to remove the political general. On June 19, McClernand was officially relieved and command of XIII Corps passed to Major General Edward O. C. Ord. Later Career Life Though Lincoln backed Grants decision, he remained cognizant of the importance of maintaining the support of Illinois War Democrats. As a result, McClernand was restored to command of the XIII Corps on February 20, 1864. Serving in the Department of the Gulf, he battled illness and did not take part in the Red River Campaign. Remaining in the Gulf for much of the year, he resigned from the army due to health issues on November 30, 1864. Following the assassination of Lincoln the following year, McClernand played a visible role in the late presidents funeral proceedings. In 1870, he was elected circuit judge of the Sangamon District of Illinois and remained in the post for three years before resuming his law practice. Still prominent in politics, McClernand presided over the 1876 Democratic National Convention. He later died on September 20, 1900, in Springfield, IL and was buried at citys Oak Ridge Cemetery. Selected Sources History of War: John A. McClernandUS Congress: John A. McClernandMr. Lincoln Friends: John A. McClernand Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-74533599774223291232020-02-18T17:01:00.001-08:002020-02-18T17:01:02.339-08:00Publius and state of emergency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsPublius and state of emergency - Essay Example For instance, when dealing with terrorists it is hard to draw a boundary between human rights violation the political stability of a nation. When a government declares a state of emergency due to an event, it has to move swiftly and effectively in averting it and containing its consequences with all possible means since such events are always detrimental to a large population of a country. Having understood state of emergency, it is safe to discuss theories that relates to the same, and the paper will explore Publiusââ¬â¢s and Schmittââ¬â¢s theories and determine which one among them is more vindicated by the case of Rasul versus Bush. Publius coined a theory indicating that interest is the motive that derives the decisions and federalistââ¬â¢s behavior. Pablius describes the term interest, basically as the self desire to gain causing individuals to strive ceaselessly for possessions that guarantee their preservation and comfort (Eugene 32). Those who are appointed to leader ship positions in the federal government should be people who understand the federalistââ¬â¢s interests and committed to defending them. This means that the federal constitution is designed in a manner that takes into consideration the federalist interests. Those entrusted with the interpretation and implementation of constitution are expected to defend the interests of the federal government. Pablius argues that emphasis should not be placed on the character of the rulers but rather the arrangement of their passions and interests (Eugene 45). He observes that the constitution is meant to regulate and to protect the political interests of the nation. It follows that the judges in the federal government should ensure that their rulings do not jeopardize the political and national interests of United States. State of emergency involves very serious matters, that a government concerns itself with, since they affect an enormous number of citizens either directly or indirectly. One of such events is terrorism and the federal judges must take into account the political, economic and social interests of America when handling cases related to terrorism. Carl Schmitt is another scholar who postulated a theory on the state of emergency. He argues that state of emergency entails the total suspension of the legal order in order to stabilize a country from detrimental occurrences like civil wars (Giorgio). The suspension of the law is geared towards enhancing the welfare of human beings. There comes a time where the peopleââ¬â¢s lives are more precious that the law and legal procedures. It is not appropriate to follow the law when the process can jeopardize peopleââ¬â¢s lives. However, state of emergency should not be equated to a state of 1. See the political science reviewer by Eugene Miller for more Insight on Pablius theory on state of emergency lawlessness or anarchy since this is extreme, and in this arrangement, no one follows the law or takes responsibilit y for criminal acts exacerbated by the fact that there is no stable authority with robust will power to enact legislations. Schmittââ¬â¢s theory of the state of emergency is presented in the doctrine of sovereignty; the sovereign has the power to declare a state of emergency but is also obligated to ensure legal order prevails in a state (Giorgio). The sovereign authority is one that has been given the Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-12867554003353662102020-02-03T22:50:00.001-08:002020-02-03T22:50:03.142-08:00Control Mechanisms Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1Control Mechanisms Paper - Essay Example Positive reactions accelerate the productivity of organizations. Positive reactions comprise of an increase in motivation among a companyââ¬â¢s workforce, an addition in innovation and invention among employees, instill beliefs and values that build the company and an increase in output among others. (Conway, Andrew 42) On the hand, negative reactions are meant to decrease the output of an organization (Scott, John, 1971). The reduction is usually a previous level of productivity that might have been offset and increased to add the productivity of a company. The reduction in output decisions arise when a companyââ¬â¢s productivity goes out of hand and becomes difficult to manage. Negative interpretation of a control mechanism by employees may be perceived as lack of independence. Negative control mechanisms that isolate some employees from others may demotivate the employees neglected by the mechanism. For example, a mechanism that separates subordinate staff from the senior staff may demoralize the subordinates and result to low productivity (Scott 21). Negative reactions are contrary to the positive ones as they decrease productivity of a company. Along with a decrease in productivity is a fall in motivation among employees and decrease levels of innovation. Set objectives of a company may als o have to be Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-13402406933220111742020-01-26T19:14:00.001-08:002020-01-26T19:14:03.389-08:00Bill Langstons Research into Parkinsons DiseaseBill Langstons Research into Parkinsons Disease The Case of the Frozen Addicts Is Parkinsons disease a genetic disease like Huntingtons disease, or is it caused by something in the environment? By the 1980s, scientists had concluded that the disease does not seem to be genetic with their concordance studies on identical and fraternal twins. But they had searched in vain for a credible environmental cause. Then in 1985, a bizarre drug tragedy tilted the odds in favor of an environment cause and gave scientists a powerful new weapon to fight against the disease. In the summer of 1985, Jon Palfreman, the author of the book Brain Storms, was investigating reports of some drug addicts who had mysteriously been afflicted with Parkinsons. The saga had started in July 1982 at the San Jose Country Jail, where a 42-year-old drug addict woke up and found himself to be frozen, not able to walk or talk. He was transferred to the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and examined by Bill Langston, the 39-year-old head of neurology. Langston determined that his disease was neurological ant put him in the hospitals neurobehavior unit. For several days, George lay there, immobile. Then one day, one doctor in the unit noticed that George moved his fingers as if trying to write something. So they gave him a pencil and a notepad. After several hours, George had written five to six sentences. Through the process of questions and answers, Langston found out that George was taking heroin, and that he had a girlfriend with him before he got sick. When they tracked down this woman, they found she was also rigid, like a wax doll. Over the next few days, Langston heard about four other mysterious frozen cases in the surrounding area. Langston could think of only one factor connecting all six young people drugs. They all had a history of drug abuse. The police had found heroin in their apartments. Thinking drugs might be the answer, Langston procured some of the heroin powder from the police and sent it off for analysis. It turned out that the heroin was a designer drug synthesized from chemicals in an underground lab. Langston was struck by the similarity of their symptoms to advanced Parkinsons disease. He treated them with large doses of carbidopa-levodopa. The effect was dramatic they could move and talk. But within days, they all developed severe drug-induced motor complications. While the procedure helped, it didnt reverse their neurological damage. They grew old before their time. By 2015, all but two had passed away. Langston realized that some toxin in the heroin had passed into the addicts brains and destroyed the area of the substantia nigra which makes dopamine. Identifying this toxic might lead to the discovery of the environmental cause for Parkinsons disease. A vital clue came from a report of a similar case in the 1976. A college student named Barry Kidston was trying to make a compound called 1-methyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine, or MPPP. When injected intravenously, the chemical would give a heroin-like-high. For months, Barry successfully made MPPP and used it intravenously. One day, however, he hurried a batch, and soon after injecting it into his arm, he knew something had gone wrong. Within three days, he froze up, became immobile, and could not talk. He was referred to the NIH, where it was determined that he had produced a compound call 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, or MPTP. Armed with this information, Langston and his colleagues could prove that MPTP was the toxin in the heroin taken by the six addicts. This compound MPTP was a powerful new research tool. It could cause Parkinsons in monkeys and in humans. For the first time, Parkinsons researchers had an effective animal model of the disease. Rather than working on humans, they could study Parkinsons experimentally on monkeys, explaining disease mechanisms and testing new treatments. *** In the 1980s, many scientists were hard at work trying to figure out how the brains neuron networks work. The best known of these researchers was Mahlon DeLong based at Emory University in Atlanta. Working with healthy monkeys and monkeys with Parkinsons disease induced by the neurotoxin MPTP, DeLong found out two key nodes in the neuron network the globas pallidus and the substhalamic nucleus were much more active in parkinsonian monkeys. DeLongs hypothesis was that a loss of dopamine from the substantia nigra had caused downstream nodes in the circuit to become overexcited. The resulting output signal over-inhibits the thalamus which under-excites the motor cortex, producing the classic parkinsonian inhibition of movement. To test the hypothesis, DeLong removed the subthalamic nucleus, the presumed source of the abnormal activity, to see if that would change the moneyss Parkinsons. The effect was dramatic there was an immediate reversal of slowness, rigidity, and tremor. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-11495027415130973422020-01-18T15:38:00.001-08:002020-01-18T15:38:04.226-08:00BCG MatrixThe idea of carrying your favorite music wherever you go has always been fascinating for people all over the world for the longest time. It started with carrying of stereo systems, then came the portable cassette players followed by the portable CD players and then finally the digital music players. In 2001 the portable music players industry was revolutionized by the advent of an Appleââ¬â¢s product called the iPod; this came as a breath of fresh air for music lovers all over the world and was an instant hit.The success of it can be determined by the fact that it has become a household name a brand known all over the world in such a short time; it is one of the highest revenue generating products for the Apple and is now the market leader in products of its genre. iPod ââ¬â Target Market iPodââ¬â¢s target market has been the youth primarily who listen to music of all kinds and are always on the go, but with time the target market expanded tremendously.Now it caters to almo st everyone with accessories available it has made the music available for people where ever they are all the time. It has become part of everyday life of any professional who listens to music where ever he is working, although through campaigns it still targets the young energetic segment of the consumer market but benefits of the product are enjoyed by everyone (Apple Investor, 2008). Organizations have now employed iPod in training of their new recruits; this shows the diversity of the market that the product is now catering to.The product has grown over the years but has kept its integrity and maintained its status; as the market grew and competitors came in Apple as always tried to stay ahead of the competition by bringing variety in the product while keeping the originality. The iPod now ranges from iPod Classic, iPod Nano, iPod Shuffle and iPod touch; each caters to a different segment of the society and has its own niche. Factors influencing consumer behavior Factors that ha ve the most impact on the behavior of a consumer are â⬠¢ Psychological â⬠¢ Personal â⬠¢ Social â⬠¢ Cultural (Robbins & Judge, 2004)A manger while making any decision about a product needs to keep in mind anything that falls under the lines defined by the above mentioned factors. iPod on the other hand catered to each of these factors in its own way. Psychological If we analyze the add campaigns for the iPod it would tell us that it shows people that iPod is a product that has been designed for people who are energetic who are young or at least feel young, the colorful pattern adopted in the ads as well as in the product depicts that it is a product that doesnââ¬â¢t cater to a specific class but is for everyone (BCG Expertise, 2009).Being a technological product it also appeals to the techno side of a human mind, the desire to stay ahead of others and own an object that would be a statement for them. iPod over the years achieved this status of being a self statemen t for people and it is a major success of the product indeed. A lot of people associate their choice of music with their personalities, and are very possessive about the songs they own and they listen to, the iPod enable them to keep this possession close to them and take it wherever they go and enjoy them whenever they feel like, hence gives them this sense of completion as well.Personal The appeal of the product is created towards the younger generation primarily the students and the freshly hired professionals. The product is a little high priced that is why it has always been a status symbol as well in many societies, it is also for the people who have some know-how of technology and are inclined to learn more (Apple Investor, 2008). For people of young age life is always on the move, it is very important for them to have things that are portable and are easy to carry.Music is by far the favorite pass time as well as a motivator in a way that it complements their work habits, he nce having a device that can be easily carried and taken to places and can carry your favorite things is a great attraction. Social The social aspect of an iPod is on the greatest factor influencing consumer behavior. iPod from its introduction in 2001 became an instant hit and the culture of iPod started, it became a second name for music for a lot of people (Apple iPod Touch, 2009).Apple had a lot to do in bringing and enabling this culture to flourish as they kept on bringing in new features and accessories for the iPod music for example the iTunes and its advancements, this kept the customers involved in the product while on the other hand gave reasons to people to talk about the product hence iPod became a topic of discussion as well as the time progressed.A lot of the success of iPod has to do with peer pressure and reference groups as well, people adopt things that they see in their surroundings, or with people who they are close to. This creates a desire among them to have t he same object as well, with iPod being a state of the art product the word of mouth was tremendous people couldnââ¬â¢t stop talking about their iPods and its features; this created hype in the market about the product and more and more people bought them. CulturalWith the advancement in technology the people wanted convenience in everything and hence the involvement of technology increased day by day in a common manââ¬â¢s life, this culture of technology also progressed with time. With this culture flourishing iPod came as a perfect fit, people were willing to adopt changes and try out new products, people were better educated and well aware of what the product was all about hence less effort was required in making the people understand the product also it enabled people to better receive the product (iPhone 3G, 2009).The todayââ¬â¢s world has become really fast paced, time is the most expensive resource and everybody seems to be short of it; in such times it was hard for people to relax at their work places or enjoy a few minutes of good music, even if they were able to they didnââ¬â¢t feel comfortable with it. In such time iPod came as blessing as it was handy yet could carry loads of music files now people were able to enjoy their music while being at work or being busy with whatever they want to do (Bulik, 2008). Consumer Behavior ModelBlack Box Model The Black Box model is divided into three basic parts: â⬠¢ Environmental Factors â⬠¢ Black Box â⬠¢ Buyerââ¬â¢s Response (Daft, 2001) Environmental Factors The Environmental Factors is the basic scenario in which a consumer is placed and has to make a decision these are his surroundings and how the product is presented to him and also how he perceives the product, how important is it for him and does he even feel the need for the product or not. The environmental factors are further divided into two categories 1.Environment: These are the conditions that the customer lives in and hi s surroundings, the aspects involved are the political situation of the country and its stability, this also involves the economical standing of the country the buying power of the consumer, the cultural aspect is also included in order to analyze the fact and understand how the customer will perceive the product and also the technical issues are also discussed for the reason that whether the society is able to adopt and understand and support the technology or not.In iPods case as the product was launched predominantly in the western markets, the environment was favorable although some problems were faced in countries else where, the financial and political support was there, the product was a perfect fit for the fast paced on the go culture and also the technology was very well received by the audience (Robbins & Judge, 2004). 2. Marketing Strategy: The marketing aspect of the environmental factor is more company related this is more about how the company designs its product, pric es it, promotes it and defines distribution channels based on the environment discussed above (Martin, 2008).The success of iPod is an indication of its great marketing strategy; the product was a very well thought device which catered to the consumer needs perfectly, secondly the promotion was such that it appealed to everyone and distribution channels were effective enough that it was available everywhere. The pricing although was a little question mark the big profit margin that the company enjoyed restricted some of the potential customers from using the product but then again it was good enough to make it an extremely profitable product. Black BoxBuyersââ¬â¢ Characteristics: This is the part where the buyerââ¬â¢s personality is involved, the attributes that give him his identity influence his decision making process. The way the buyer perceives a product, the attitude with which he receives the product, his personal likes and dislikes and also his background and his lifes tyle all combined influence the decision that he takes. The characteristics of the target market were thoroughly analyzed and were responded with a great product and a marketing strategy, the habits and interests of the young generation were very well responded.The buyerââ¬â¢s response is considered as a rational decision based on the factors above while in reality it might not be the case, a buyer can be influenced by other factors as well, his decision doesnââ¬â¢t have to be rational in the defined lines of the black box, he can be bias and unreasonable as well but even in that way he is satisfying his own need to optimum utility (BCG Expertise, 2009). The positive response to iPod from the consumers is not necessarily due to the fact that it caters their needs but it can also be due to the fact that the buyer wants to fit into a certain circle of people and needs iPod as a support for his status.Decision Making: The second part of the black box is the buyerââ¬â¢s decisio n making process, it starts off with the identification of a problem that is the buyerââ¬â¢s realization of a need or a desire, second part is the research where the buyer looks out to find how can he fulfill his need, when he finds out ways how he can fulfill his needs then he evaluates all the options available to him, after the evaluation he finally comes to a conclusion and buys a product. The last part of the process is the behavior of the buyer after the purchase whether he comes back the second time or not, does he have complains, is he satisfied etc.(Martin, 2008) In the decision making process the problem was that people werenââ¬â¢t able to find a high quality digital music player that was reliable yet looked good, they did their research and iPod being the first of its kind was the only option available to them, after evaluating it and finding it best against the rest they bought the product. After the sales most of the customer were genuinely satisfied the evidence for which is the number of iPods sold and number of tunes downloaded from iTunes (Graham, 2008). RecommendationsPricing Strategy The iPod has always been a premium product by apple, relatively high priced but high quality; the high price is primarily due to the high profit margin that is kept on each device. The survey that was conducted that was conducted was based on 4 major points: 1. It was asked that which in their perspective is the best digital music player, the response was clear as more than 70 percent of the responses replied iPod; this shows that iPod is positioned as the best product in the market among the consumers (Bulik, 2008). 2.On the question whether respondents owned an iPod or not around 55 percent of the respondents replied positively. 3. When asked if they would want to own an iPod of their more than 90 percent replied positively; this showed the great potential the product had in the market. 4. When those who didnââ¬â¢t own an iPod already that why they di dnââ¬â¢t have an iPod the majority replied that they were not able to afford it. Hence it can be concluded that the product has great potential and still can capture a bigger share in an already self dominated market, but the only barrier is the high price.The price needs to be lowered a bit so that affordability of the product increases. This is not just in the western nations but one of the major reasons that iPod has not been able to flourish as greatly in rest of the world is the fact that an already high priced product becomes extremely unaffordable for people of poor economies when they are caught currency exchange rates. Even these markets have tremendous potential but they fall pray to cheap Chinese copies or other portable devices when the desire to own an iPod is great.The profit margin can be reduced and the recovery can be made on other products such as the accessories and music. Music Diversity Music form different genres must be added to the iTunes feature in order to attract a worldwide audience. This is the biggest internet music seller portal, recently iTunes celebrated its billionth download in just 9 months, this shows that how great the operations related to iPod have become and can become even bigger if a little diversity is added (Graham, 2008). Music SharingSharing the music between two iPod users is still an issue as there is no convenient way of transferring a file from one iPod to another, although there have been attempts such as the miShare but still it is a hassle. What needs to be done is that a wireless system of transferring files between the devices must be made so that two users are able to share their songs and enjoy the music together. FM Radio iPod doesnââ¬â¢t have an FM Radio feature; the FM industry has become huge over the years and has a great fan base and listenership.Not giving such a feature is just missing on to opportunities that are quite simple to catch on, hence an FM feature needs to be added in the produ ct. Advertisements While the high spirit energetic young look for advertisement must be maintained but also different campaigns must be introduced in order to attract audiences who may not like to be associated with this perception. References Apple Investor. (2008). Retrieved April 24, 2009, from http://www. apple. com/investor Apple iPod Touch. (Apple Inc.). Retrieved April 19, 2009, from http://www. apple. com/ipodtouch/ BCG Expertise. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 21, 2009, from Boston Consulting Group: http://www. bcg. com/impact_expertise/publications/files/Summary_Shop_org. pdf Bulik, B. S. (June 2008). Apple's iPhone steals marketing thunder from iPod. Advertising Age , 4-55. Daft, R. (2001). Organization Theory and Design, 9th ed. Chicago: South-Western. Graham, J. (2008). Apple iPhone hasn't gotten on Flash bandwagon yet. USA Today . iPhone 3G.(2008). Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http://images. apple. com/br/accessibility/pdf/iPhone_3G_vpat. pdf Martin, R. (2008). Apple Goes After Business With Phone Apps And SDK. Informationweek , 23-24. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2004). Organizational Behavior. New York: Pearsons. Survey: High Awareness, Strong Demand for Apple iPhone. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 22, 2009, from Marketing Charts: http://www. marketingcharts. com/interactive/survey-high-awareness-strong-demand-for-apple-iphone-694/ Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-71588442250845072412020-01-10T12:02:00.001-08:002020-01-10T12:02:03.093-08:00Current patterns of ill health EssayDescribe the current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored In the UK patterns of ill health are identified and monitored through the use of statistics which may be viewed on the National Statistics website. Responsible for producing statistics to be put together by our UK National Statistics organisation to illustrate patterns of ill health in the UK are government statistical departments. Government statistical departments that are major contributors to identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK include: the Department of Health, the Health and Safety Executive and the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care. Although statistics do provide a clear picture, they are not totally accurate for what they represent because there will always be information on illness that is not reported so statistics can only give us an idea of what ill health in England is really like. Here are some of the descriptions of the current patterns of ill health in the UK Lung cancer: Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs but is usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide rapidly and form tumours. It is health concern as ââ¬Å"Doctors in Britain are ââ¬Ëmissing opportunitiesââ¬â¢ to spot lung cancer at an early stage,â⬠BBC News reports. A study found around a third of people with the condition die within 90 days of their initial diagnosis. http://www.nhs.uk and because there are usually no signs or symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer it is hard to diagnose so more people are dying from this cancer. Lung cancer is on the increase especially in women because of the sharp decrease in the incidence of male lung cancer over the past two decades reflects the decline in smoking prevalence among men. ââ¬ËFemale smokers are also twice as likely to develop lung cancer as male smokersââ¬â¢ http://www.nhs.uk it is on the increase becuase Women aged between 25 and 34 are more stressed than anyone else in Britain, a new study has found. At that age, women are typicall y climbing the career ladder at work, caring for demanding young children at home and paying a mortgage meaning they are smoking more because of the stress.http://www.dailymail.co.uk Diabetes type 2: A person with type 2 diabetes has insulin resistance, meaning their pancreas doesnââ¬â¢t produce enough insulin or the body doesnââ¬â¢t react properly to insulin. Insulin is used by the body to manage glucose, or sugar, levels in the blood and toà convert glucose into energy. ââ¬ËType 2 diabetes occurs mainly in people aged over 40. 5 million people have diabetes but is more common in older people The rapid rise in the number of adults developing type 2 diabetes is due to, increasing levels of obesity, a lack of exercise, increase in unhealthy diets and an ageing population. The first-line treatment is diet, weight control and physical activity.ââ¬â¢ http://www.patient.co.uk/ it becomes a concern as that person is causing it themselves because of their diet , or lack of exercise ect and can only help themselves Cystic fibrosis- Cystic fibrosis affects over 7500 people in the UK and over 2 million people in the UK carry the gene that causes it. It affects the internal organs, especially the lungs and the digestive system, by clogging them with thick sticky mucus. This makes it hard to breathe and digest food. It is a progressive disorder and currently there is no cure, an average life expectancy is 31 years, although improvements in treatment mean a baby born today could expect to live for longer. Cystic fibrosis is increasingly being diagnosed through screening but some babies and older children (and even adults) are diagnosed following unexplained illness. Treatments available include eating a healthy diet, exercising, physiotherapy treatment and medicine treatment. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. This means that in order to develop cystic fibrosis you need to inherit two cystic fibrosis genes, one from your mother and one from your father, and this is why it is on the increase as people who have the gene are having children. Coronary heart disease ââ¬â (CHD) is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis. Itââ¬â¢s responsible for around 74,000 deaths in the UK each year. About 1 in 5 men and 1 in 8 women die from CHD. CHD generally affects more men than women, but from the age of 50 the chances of developing CHD are similar for men and women. ââ¬Å"That number of people get CHD looks likely to rise if we allow complacency and inactivity to ruin our lives.â⬠Professor Sir Charles George blamed peopleââ¬â¢s increasingly unhealthy lifestyles to cause this. Std- sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infectious diseases that spreadà from person to person through intimate contact. these diseases can cause serious harm such as getting HIV is a virus most commonly caught by having sex without a condom.The virus attacks the immune system, and weakens your ability to fight infections and disease.At the end of 2012, there were an estimated 98,400 people in the UK living with HIV. The majority were infected through sex (41,000 gay and bisexual men and 53,000 heterosexuals).Although there is no cure for HIV, treatments are now very effective, enabling people with HIV to live long and healthy lives.You will be encouraged to take regular exercise, eat a healthy diet, stop smoking. the reason why it is on the increase is because of sexual activity at a young age, having lots of sexual paretners are more at risk and having unprotected sex, many young adults are not using condoms meaning that diseases like chylamida are increasing and more sexua l diseases are being spread around as there are also not really any symptoms to suggest you have a std. liver disease. There are over 100 types of liver disease, which together affect at least 2 million people in the UK. the most common are alcohol-related liver disease, where the liver is damaged after years of alcohol misuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, usually seen in people who are overweight or obese and hepatitis, which is inflammation (swelling) of the liver caused by a viral infection or exposure to harmful substances such as alcohol. the deaths becuase of liver disease has increased by 40% in the last 12 years due to alcohol. www.thegurdian.com Regional study shows significant variations in mortality across country, and men twice as likely to be diagnosed as women, studies have shown that this is becuase young men are more likely to drink more on a night out also when they are stressed and angry they turn to alcohol. ââ¬Å"men and women have different types of stress-related psychological disorders. Women have greater rates of depression and some types of anxiety disorders than men, while men have greater rates of alcohol-use disorders than womenâ⬠breast cancer- Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the UK. In 2011, just under 50,000 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Mostà women who get it (8 out of 10) are over 50, but younger women, and in rare cases, men, can also get breast cancer. there are many factors as to why breast cancer is increasing some are, alcohol can cause breast cancer, and even drinking small amounts can increase the risk of this disease. After the menopause, women who are overweight or obese have a higher breast cancer risk than those who have a healthy weight. The Million Women Study also looked at body weight, and calculated that obesity accounts for 7 per cent of the UKââ¬â¢s breast cancer cases. women who work night shifts are also at a higher risk. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-91636237143201753352020-01-02T08:26:00.001-08:002020-01-02T08:26:03.621-08:00Mitchell Surname Meaning and Family History The Mitchell surname is a common form or corruption of the given name Michael, meaning big or one who is like God. Mitchell is the 44th most popular surname in the United States and the 15th most common surname in Scotland. Mitchell is also popular in England, coming in as the 51st most common surname. Surname Origin:à Scottish, English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:à MICHELL, MICHILL, MACMICHAEL, MACMICHELL, MECHEL, MEITCHEL, MICHISON, MICHIE, MITCHAL, MITCHEL, MICHELSON, MITCHELLSON, MITCHISON, MITCHOL, MITSCHAEL, MITSSCHAL, MITTCHEL, MYCHELL, MYTCHELL, MCMICHAEL, MICHEL Famous People with the MITCHELLà Surname Margaret Mitchellà -à American author, best known for her novel Gone With the WindArthur Mitchellà - first African American Democrat elected to Congressà Maria Mitchellà - first professional female astronomer in the United States; the comet she discovered in 1847 became known as Miss Mitchells CometWilliam Billy Mitchellà - American military aviation pioneer Where Is the MITCHELL Surname Most Common? Mitchellà is the 808th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data fromà Forebears. It is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 46th most common last name, and is also common in countries such as England (51st), Australia (37th), Canada (49th), Scotland (23rd) and New Zealand (27th). WorldNames PublicProfilerà indicates the Mitchell surname is especially common in Scotland, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the United States. Within Scotland, Mitchell is found in the greatest numbers in northern Scotland, including Moray, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perth and Kinross, and Fife. There is also a greater percentage of Mitchells in East Ayrshire.à Genealogy Resources for the Surname MITCHELL Mitchellà Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Mitchell family crest or coat of arms for the Mitchell surname.à Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? MITCHELLà DNA ProjectMore thanà 250 members with Mitchell roots in Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, France, Germany, Poland, Canada, and the United States,à have joined this project for the Mitchell surname toà work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. MITCHELL Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Mitchellà ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Mitchell ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.à FamilySearch - MITCHELL GenealogyExplore over 7.2 millionà results from digitizedà historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Mitchell surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MITCHELL Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Mitchell surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Mitchell RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Mitchell surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Mitchellà Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Mitchell surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Mitchell SurnameExplore over 15à million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Mitchell surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. Source Cottle, Basil.à Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.à Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.à Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.à A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.à Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.à A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.à American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-17619661151400434402019-12-25T04:53:00.001-08:002019-12-25T04:53:03.289-08:00Devastation of New World Ecosystems During the Age of... The New World, in the minds and descriptions of European explorers and settlers during the sixteenth century, was comparable to a paradise on earth. The landscape was so vast and indescribably beautiful that even Columbus had trouble articulating its splendor. However, lacking a consciousness of conservation, Europeans felt little remorse in exploiting the land and subjugating its people. From the beginning Europeans set out to transform as much of the New World into the Old World as possible. As a result, the New World, over the course of two centuries, was overtaken by foreign plant and animal species, leveled by deforestation, and devastated by disease. This imposition of Old World values significantly impacted the ecology of the Newâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦All of these crops, along with many other European food plants, were successfully cultivated in the New World. European food plants grew so well that Crosby states, All the seeds they had sown sprouted in three days and w ere ready to be eaten by the twenty-fifth day (67). Wheat, which was the primary dietary staple of Europeans, prospered especially well in the New World. Europeans cultivated and processed wheat in practically every New World settlement and within decades of the discovery of the New World, wheat not only prospered in North America, but was also successfully harvested in New Granada, Central America, and even as far south as Chile (Crosby 71). The ecological impact of European food plants on the New World is clouded by agricultural success. There is no doubt that from an agricultural standpoint European food plants were ecologically successful. This was primarily due to the fact that the plants grew so well in New World climates and soils. However, commonly ignored are the countless numbers of cultures, lifestyles, and habitats that were significantly altered to make way for the migration of European food plants. As European food plants continued to prosper, hundreds of acres of wooded areas surrounding European settlements were burned or leveled to provide adequate space for cultivation. As a result, many indigenous plant and animal species were forced from their natural habitats and niches that were crucial to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Words à |à 7 Pages-9 26 May 2016 The Age of Exploration John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: ââ¬Å"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.â⬠(Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. 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While still quite young, Rachel began writing stories about animals, and by age ten, she had published a prize-winning magazine piece. In 1925, Carson earned a scholarship for Pennsylvania Womens College where she hoped to prepare herself for a literary career by majoring in English. As had always been her habit in school, theRead MoreMultinational Companies and Their Social Responsibilities (Ãâ Case Study of Shell, Nigeria)15078 Words à |à 61 PagesProvision of basic social services iii. Regard for Human Rights iv. Good governance and civil society involvement. There have also been some initiatives by NGOs and interest groups within the extractive industries such as: i. Publish What You Pay ii. World Bank Extractive Industries Review iii. Extractive Industries biodiversity initiatives iv. Global Reporting initiatives 2.1.1 How far is shell involved in these international processes? Crude oil was first discovered in commercial quantity at OlobiriRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words à |à 1186 PagesProcess Analysis and Improvement, First Edition Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and Simchi-Levi, Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies, Case Studies, Third Edition Sterman, Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for Complex World, First Edition Stevenson, Operations Management, 10th Edition Swink, Melnyk, Cooper, and Hartley, Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain, First Edition Thomke, Managing Product and Service Development: Text and Cases, First Edition Ulrich and Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-91285742918316589702019-12-17T00:43:00.001-08:002019-12-17T00:43:03.642-08:00Sociology of Crime - 654 Words Social Issue: Crime Crime affects all human beings regardless of their race, religion, age, or nationality. Some groups will encounter crime on a more regular basis than others and a primary example of this socioeconomic state. According to sociologists, crime is caused by deviation from the accepted norms of the society (Andersen Taylor 2009). Traditionally, lower income areas within a society will have more crime and more violent crime than areas with more economic advantages. This makes sense; areas with higher incomes will be less likely to experience theft as people can afford necessities as well as luxuries. People with less money and less possessions will be more likely to feel encumbered by their lack of financial excess and will steal in order to acquire money and goods which they could not otherwise possess. Areas with lower incomes are also more likely to have heavy drug use and prostitution which sociologists argue has to do with a psychological need to escape the dire reality of their livi ng situations. Sociology is the study of the workings of a given social group and crime is a major negative factor in groups which sociologists should study. Therefore, this issue is an important one in the field of sociology and to those who study societies. By examining the link between social and economic status and crime it is possible to identify ways and means of limiting criminal behavior and its negative impact on the societies in which the crimes occur. EconomicsShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words à |à 7 PagesAshley Duran Sociology 1101 August 9, 2010 Poverty and Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there someRead MoreSociology Of Crime : Policing1392 Words à |à 6 PagesSociology of Crime: Policing Part 1: The Original Contribution of Andrew Millieââ¬â¢s Article to the Theory of Policing The article by Andrew Millie ââ¬Å"The Great Debate: How Wide or Narrow Should the Policeââ¬â¢s Remit Be?â⬠significantly contributes to the theory of policing as the universal treatment for crimes and the way this authority should work. (Millie, 2014, 1). The originality of the article is that is considers the police as primarily the institution, which is designed for struggle against crimesRead MoreThe Sociology Of Crime And Deviance2467 Words à |à 10 PagesThe sociology of crime and deviance is about rules, regulations and rule breakers. There are people that break rules and interest are shown to why they do so, while there are others that are seen and labelled rule breakers. The role of the media is to emphasise this ideas in hyperboles and install reactions to society. Societies today are media saturated and they are captivated with crime and it is the fundamental point of the news production. With less association with peopleââ¬â¢s lives and valuesRead MoreSociol ogy - Crime and Deviance Essay1682 Words à |à 7 PagesCrime and Deviance Crime is a set of rules and statutes that regulates the behaviours of a society, it is a behaviour or action that will put members of the public at risk of harm in one way or another be it a robbery or a violent attack. However, deviance is not necessarily breaking the law but it is in violation of the social norms. (Cliff Notes. 2009) But what is classed as criminal or deviant is dependent on certain factors. Crime, or what is perceived as criminal changes over time; what isRead Moresociology internationalist crime deviance1200 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿1c How do interactionists explain crime? (Labelling Theory) Are offenders different? Interactionists argue that a mistake most perspectives make is that they assume lawbreakers are somehow different from law-abiding people. The labelling theory suggests that most people commit deviant and criminal acts but only come are caught and stigmatised for it. It is for this reason that emphasis should be on understanding the reaction and definition of deviance rather than the causes of the initial actRead MoreThe Theoretical Approaches Of Sociology View Crime And Deviance1110 Words à |à 5 Pages 17. Discuss the major differences in how the three theoretical approaches of Sociology view crime and deviance. Give examples of specific theories. The functionalist view in relation to deviance is a belief that anyone can be convicted of a crime. Everyone is treated equal in the eyes of law. For example, a celebrity and a homeless man could both be convicted for the same crime. Both would be tried the same, with equal consequences. The Social conflict view is a view in which the elites make theRead MoreSociology and Deviance: in a Society of Saints Crime Will Be Found Discuss2142 Words à |à 9 PagesImagine a ââ¬Ësociety of saintsââ¬â¢, without crime, a notion put forward by Emile Durkheim a historical theorist who argued that this concept is unattainable within society. Social control is and has been present in all societies, organized groups, and cultures since the beginning of time. There are many historical and modern perspectives, which help draw conclusions on the study of deviance and social control, two concepts that go hand in hand. In discussing the connection between social control and devianceRead MoreLabel ling Theory in Explaining Crime and Deviance - A2 Sociology729 Words à |à 3 Pagesassess the usefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance. (21 marks) Labelling theorists are concerned with how and why certain people and actions come to be labelled as criminal or deviant, and what effects this has on those who are labelled as such. As stated in Item A, labelling theory is focused with how individuals construct society based on their interactions with each other. Becker emphasises the significance of crime being a social construct; an action only becomes criminalRead MoreSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words à |à 7 PagesZygmunt Bauman once said, ââ¬Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.â⬠This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of socialRead MoreCriminology And Sociology And Criminology1213 Words à |à 5 Pagescriminal justice and Sociology meet and come together. Sociology is a social science where the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society happ en. Criminology is also a social science that studies crime and criminal behavior. Sociologists, by studying society and relationships, are able to determine the thoughts and actions of individuals or criminals. Each science can relate to other sciences and Criminology relates to Psychology, Sociology and more. Sociology and Criminology Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-32457601463383789822019-12-08T21:25:00.001-08:002019-12-08T21:25:02.249-08:00Calculative Practice and Innovation Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Calculative Practice and Innovation. Answer: The article main purpose was to explore the association between innovative activity and calculative practice. How calculative practice like accounting develops knowledge which acts as the innovation engine has been fully investigated. The role of accounting through accounting performative impacts is explored to assist in changing the world. The authors overriding thesis in this article is; engines engaged in enticing actors into undertaking novel things by corresponding abilities to stimulate such actors to raise novel queries to observe novel prospects. The authors held that calculative practices provoke the knowledge and insight mobilization process thus becoming integral part of innovation. A dynamic relationship exists between calculative-practice and innovation. This is because the innovation drifts because of calculative practices which are engines that assist in bringing such a drift together. The author uses the example of Telepass technology to illustrate that innovation could influence and recreate engine afresh. The article uses Telepass story as an explanation of how such innovation trajectory described a string of drifts calculative practice performativity mobilizes. It generally indicates the paybacks of studying mutual accounting constitution/vastly calculative practices besides its organizational issues like innovation over a period of time. It calls for such a study to pay attention to the interplays and interactions thereby unearthing that these correlations remain complex and problematic. However, it is held that such an insight further becomes performative to study that might be inspired for the engagement of more in dilemmatic contexts that this kind of interaction presents primarily with concerning counterforces which could halt/bar performativity to unravel; to prevent engines performance. The conclusion is that the alternative model never performed always and hence call to action that Telepasss case could motivate researchers to further to undertake an exploration of the condition for engines performative to be either feasible or unfeasible. Discussion Items Can another methodology be used in explore thesis as outlined above? What are some of the limitations of using the alternative methodology stated above? How best can the limitations realized in the current article be mitigated in the future exploration? References Revellino, S., Mouritsen, J. (2015).Accounting as an engine: The performativity of calculative practices and the dynamics of innovation.Management Accounting Research, 28, 31-49. Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-48698797164984146982019-12-01T09:07:00.001-08:002019-12-01T09:07:02.660-08:00MARTIN LUTHER This Essay Is Concerned With Martin Luther (1483-1546), MARTIN LUTHER This essay is concerned with Martin Luther (1483-1546), and his concept of Christianity. Luther began his ecclesiastical career as an Augustinian Monk in the Roman Catholic Church. Consequently, Luther was initially loyal to the papacy, and even after many theological conflicts, he attempted to bring about his reconciliation with the Church. But this was a paradox not to endure because in his later years, Luther waged a continual battle with the papacy. Luther was to become a professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg where, in 1957, he posted his critique of the Roman Catholic Church's teachings and practices. This is otherwise known as The Ninety-Five Theses, which is usually considered to be the original document of the Reformation. Basically, this document was an indictment of the venality of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly the widespread practice of selling indulgences in as sociation with the sacrament of penance. Luther's beliefs on the matter was that after confession, absolution relied upon the sinner's faith and God's Divine Grace rather than the intervention of a priest. At this point, Luther did not advocate an actual separation from the Roman Catholic Church. Instead, Luther felt his suggested reforms York-3 could be implemented within Catholicism. If this had taken place, the Protestant Reformation would probably not of ever seen the light of day--nor would it have been necessary. But the theological practices being what they were in the Roman Church, there was little chance at that time for any great variations to occur within its folds. The Church of Rome was thoroughly monolithic and set in its ways and was not about to mutate into something else. If a metamorphosis had occurred within the Roman Catholic Church, Luther would have had a different destiny. But Luther's fate was sealed, and his job was cut out for him. Concerning Luther and the Reformation, Paul Tillich states: "The turning point of the Reformation and of church history in general is the experience of an Augustinian monk in his monastic cell--Martin Luther. Martin Luther did not merely teach different doctrines; others had done that also, such as Wyclif. But none of the others who protested against the Roman system were able to break through it. The only man who really made a breakthrough, and whose breakthrough has transformed the surface of the earth, was Martin Luther. . . . He is one of the few great prophets of the Christian Church, and his greatness is overwhelming, even if it was limited by some of his personal traits and his later development. He is responsible for the fact that a purified Christianity, a Christianity of the Reformation, was able to establish i tself equal terms with the Roman tradition" (Tillich 227). Tillich's York-4 main emphasis, then, is not on Luther as the founder of Lutheranism, but as the person who broke through the system of the Church of Rome. Luther shattered the theological restraints and distortions of the Roman Catholic religion. This accomplishment amounts to the establishment of another religion known as Protestantism, a faith that was generated from the Reformation, with its advocates such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Knox. However, Luther stood out as one of the Reformation titans in a most unique manner. Roland H. Bainton suggests the following concerning Luther's reforms with regard to the Catholic sacraments; "But Luther's rejection of the five sacraments might even have been tolerated had it not been for the radical transformation which he effected in the two which he retained. From his view of baptism, he was not a second baptism, and no vow should ever be taken beyond the baptismal vow. Most serious of all was Luther's reduction of the mass to the Lord's Supper. The mass is central for the entire Roman Catholic system because the mass is believed to be a repetition of the Incarnation and the Crucifixion. When the bread and wine are transubstantiated, God again becomes flesh and Christ again dies upon the altar. This wonder can be performed only by priests empowered through ordination. . . His first insistence was that the sacrament of the mass must be not magical but mystical. . . He, too, had no mind to Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-45743163257175028832019-11-26T14:47:00.001-08:002019-11-26T14:47:04.069-08:00Comparative Essay Of Mice and Men and Rainman EssaysComparative Essay Of Mice and Men and Rainman Essays Comparative Essay Of Mice and Men and Rainman Paper Comparative Essay Of Mice and Men and Rainman Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men The two texts Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and Rainman by Barry Levinson both convey their themes and characters in strikingly similar ways. Both these texts have very similar Main characters. In Of Mice and Men and Rainman the main characters have the same relationships with each other. Steinbeckââ¬â¢s George Milton and Lennie Small are always travelling around together from ranch to ranch. Lennie it a big strong man but is mentally disabled and George has to always look out for Lennie making sure he stays out of trouble. George is bossing Lennie around all the time and Lennie listens to his every command. Levinsonââ¬â¢s Rainman is depicts his characters very similar. Charlie and Raymond Babbitt are an odd couple and also travel around together. Raymond is also mentally disabled and once his older brother Charlie ââ¬Ëkidnapsââ¬â¢ him he has to care for him, like George cares for Lennie and he also always bosses around Raymond. George and Charlie are both caught up in the American Dream where they can have all they ever wanted. The American Dreams are both quite different these texts. Of Mice and Men was set during the Great Depression in the 1920ââ¬â¢s on a small ranch in Soledad. Soledad is Spanish word for ââ¬Ëlonelinessââ¬â¢ to represent that all the ranch hand live lives of solitude. Money was very scarce during these times and George and Lennie just wanted their own farm and live a happy and self-sufficient life. On the other hand Rainman was set during the ââ¬Ëdecedent 80ââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ when the American Dream was to get rich quick and Charlie Babbitt is clearly caught up in this dream.Power and control is a very significant theme in these texts. Steinbeckââ¬â¢s George has power and control over Lennie and Levinsonââ¬â¢s Charlie has power and control over Raymond. This is not only shown by George and Charlie controlling Lennie and Raymond but also by showing that one walks behind the other showing one has power over the other. Power is quite hea Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-81117667196985672942019-11-22T22:10:00.001-08:002019-11-22T22:10:03.594-08:00Make Paper Chromatography With LeavesMake Paper Chromatography With Leaves You can use paper chromatography to see the different pigments that produce the colors in leaves.à Most plants contain several pigment molecules, so experiment with many species of leaves to see the wide range of colors. This is a simple science project that takes about 2 hours. Key Takeaway: Leaf Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a chemical purification method that separates colored substances. In paper chromatography, pigments may be separated based on the different size of the molecules.Everyone knows leaves contain chlorophyll, which is green, but plants actually contain a wide range of other pigment molecules.For paper chromatography, plant cells are broken open to release their pigment molecules. A solution of plant matter and alcohol is placed at the bottom of a piece of paper. Alcohol moves up the paper, taking pigment molecules with it. Its easier for smaller molecules to move through the fibers in paper, so they travel fastest and move the furthest up the paper. Larger molecules are slower and dont travel as far up the paper. What You Need You only need a few simple materials for this project. While you can perform it using only one type of leaf (e.g., chopped spinach), you can experience the greatest range of pigment colors by collecting several types of leaves. LeavesSmallà Jars with LidsRubbing AlcoholCoffee FiltersHot WaterShallow PanKitchen Utensils Instructions Take 2-3 large leaves (or the equivalent with smaller leaves), tear them into tiny pieces, and place them into small jars with lids.Add enough alcohol to just cover the leaves.Loosely cover the jars and set them into a shallow pan containing an inch or so of hot tap water.Let the jars sit in the hot water for at least a half hour. Replace the hot water as it cools and swirl the jars from time to time.The jars are done when the alcohol has picked up color from the leaves. The darker the color, the brighter the chromatogram will be.Cut or tear a long strip of coffee filter paper for each jar.Place one strip of paper into each jar, with one end in the alcohol and the other outside of the jar.As the alcohol evaporates, it will pull the pigment up the paper, separating pigments according to size (largest will move the shortest distance).After 30-90 minutes (or until the desired separation is obtained), remove the strips of paper and allow them to dry.Can you identify which pigments are pr esent? Does the season in which the leaves are picked affect their colors? Tips for Success Try using frozen chopped spinach leaves.Experiment with other types of paper.You can substitute other alcohols for the rubbing alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.If your chromatogram is pale, next time use more leaves and/or smaller pieces to yield more pigment. If you have a blender available, you can use it to finely chop the leaves. How Leaf Paper Chromatography Works Pigment molecules, such as chlorophyll and anthocyanins, are contained within plant leaves. Chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts. The plant cells need to be torn open to expose their pigment molecules. The macerated leaves are placed in a small amount of alcohol, which acts as a solvent. Hot water helps soften the plant matter, making it easier to extract the pigments into the alcohol. The end of a piece of paper is placed in the solution of alcohol, water, and pigment. The other end stands straight up. Gravity pulls on the molecules, while alcohol travels up the paper via capillary action, pulling pigment molecules upward with it. The choice of paper is important because if the fiber mesh is too dense (like printer paper), few of the pigment molecules will be small enough to navigate the maze of cellulose fibers to travel upward. If the mesh is too open (like a paper towel), then all of the pigment molecules easily travel up the paper and its difficult to separate them. Also, some pigment might be more soluble in water than in alcohol. If a molecule is highly soluble in alcohol, it travels through the paper (the mobile phase). An insoluble molecule might remain in the liquid. The technique is used to test purity of samples, where a pure solution should only produce a single band. It is also used to purify and isolate fractions. After the chromatogram has developed, the different bands may be cut apart and the pigments recovered. Sources Block, Richard J.; Durrum, Emmett L.; Zweig, Gunter (1955). A Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-7680-9.Haslam, Edwin (2007). Vegetable tannins ââ¬â Lessons of a phytochemical lifetime. Phytochemistry. 68 (22ââ¬â24): 2713ââ¬â21. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.009 Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-32666583181575603842019-11-21T03:22:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:22:06.466-08:00Trends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the CourseworkTrends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the future - Coursework Example This essay "Trends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the future" outlines an increasing trend in the obesity of the USA in the last twenty years and if the effects of the policy implemented are ineffective in the USA. The body mass index (BMI) includes a significant importance. It is a measurement of the weight defined as kg per square meter. In a conventional manner when the range of BMI is between 25 and 30, then the person is said to be overweight and the person is said to be obese when the value is greater than 30 (Akil & Ahmad, 2011, p. 58). This obesity problem is a common trouble in almost every country in the world especially in the Western countries. Statistical analyses is an important tool which will be directed towards analyzing the trends of obesity in different countries and can give us a clear idea about the historical pattern and suggest important policies for the future. Obesity is very crucial problem in every society and it is indeed an importa nt problem in the developed nation like United States of America (USA). There has been a growing awareness of the health problems attached with weight as well as availability of light or no fat foods. But despite that there had been a significant incidence of obesity problem in the United States of America. There has been documentation initiating from period as early as 1960s and there has been a consistent year to year rise in the percentage of adults who are suffering from overweight. This trend increases seem to have accelerated. Data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) indicates that within a period of 1985-1995 there has been an increase in the BMI from a level of 29.2 to 34.4 and there has been an increase in the percentage from a magnitude of 8.6 to 15.2. The correlation between overweight and many of the chronic diseases as well as various obnoxious health outcomes has made this a serious health concern. Obesity as a factor also gets associa ted with nationââ¬â¢s burgeoning health care bill. It is estimated that for the year 1990, the costs including direct and indirect costs of the excess weight in the USA were figured at the amount of $46 billion and $ 23 billion respectively (Binkley, Eales & Jekanowski, 2000). The propositions which will be examined in the paper are: 1. There has been an increasing trend in the obesity of USA in the last twenty years 2. Obesity is the highest for USA as compared to other countries 3. Race also plays an important part in USA with respect to obesity 4. The standard deviation of obesity of the data of USA is highly scattered 5. The effects of the policy implemented are ineffective in USA. 4. Analysis Before moving into analysis, the method of data collection is to be mentioned. For the purpose of data collection, we have relied on the government site of USA .The database for data collection which is used is the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in USA. CDC helps in the creation of expertise, information as well as tools which the people as well as the communities requires for the purpose of protecting their health with the help of promotion, disease prevention, injury and disability as well as preparedness for the threats of new health problems. CDC directs towards accomplishing its mission through working with the partners all over the nation as well as in a global basis for the purpose of detecting as well as investigating the health problems, conducting research as Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-59878851558568391162019-11-19T13:06:00.001-08:002019-11-19T13:06:04.224-08:00Week 1_development of US intelligence organizations and missions from AssignmentWeek 1_development of US intelligence organizations and missions from the revolution to WWI - Assignment Example His intelligence was so superior that it assisted in the surrender of General Lee. His intelligence was obtained through a secret agentââ¬â¢s network. Following the assassination of President Lincoln, reward money was placed for the heads of those who conducted the act. The culprit was then caught by the Lafayette Bakerââ¬â¢s National Detective Bureau; this led to the promotion of the Bureau (Andrew 1995, 22). The aim out of which BMI was created was to support and provide proper and adequate intelligence to armed forces. Following the need of the Civil War, the first intelligence agency was created and was named as Secret Service of the Treasury Department and during the Pacific War; the first intelligence agency to support the army as well as the navy came into being. During the session of 1882, the President Arthur promoted the thought of reforming US naval forces and this led to the establishment of ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence) (Andrew 1995, 26). The aim behind the creation of ONI was to lead the Western Hemisphere of the world and project a powerful image of US and it did so by gaining victory during the war in Spain . After the three years of the creation of ONI another intelligence organization which was similar to ONI was created for the army and was named as Military Intelligence Division with the objective of obtaining intelligence at the local and the international level to support the department of war and army. Later the President Roosevelt used intelligence in the most active manner, he first used intelligence with the aim of inciting a revolution with the region of Panama and then intelligence was used to figure out the development of military of Japan. The start of the 20th century witnessed the use of intelligence by US for domestic purposes as during the era of 1908, Bureau of Investigation of the Justice Department was established as it was believed that the agents of the Secret Service were Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-48214422948493033722019-11-17T01:38:00.001-08:002019-11-17T01:38:05.008-08:00The Institute of Medicine Report Essay Example for Free The Institute of Medicine Report Essay The impact of the Institute of Medicine report on nursing education suggests the nursing profession should have a more advanced education system providing limitless opportunities for growth. The future of nursing providing care to the entire realm of health care, especially primary care and community settings, will be determined by the evolution of a new educational system. The IOM report states that sixty percent of hospital employed nurses will be impacted by the Affordable Care Act because of the transition of patients to primary and community health care. (National Research Council, 2011) Tension in the current educational system has been steadily increasing due to the newly required nursing skills in many specialty areas. That being said, the new educational structure will have to be expanded immensely. The IOM report suggests increasing the number of baccalaureate nurses from fifty to eighty percent by the year 2020. (National Research Council, 2011, p. 12) The report also suggests doubling the current number of nurses with a doctorate degree. Reaching these goals along with overcoming many other educational obstacles will require many changes and modifications to the current system. Increasing the use of technology to educate nurses through on-line programs is one necessary effective strategy. This will create continuous opportunities for nurses from all ethnic groups with associate degrees to obtain their baccalaureate and masterââ¬â¢s degrees. Leaders of organizations, hospitals, accreditors, philanthropist, employers, etc. should work cohesively to secure funding for these educational programs. Generating more diversity in nursing will help meet the demands of the projected increase of ethnic groups receiving health care due to the ACA. Intra-professional diversity has been suggested by the IOM report too. (National Research Council, 2011) It is recommended that nurses, physicians and other health care disciplines should be educated together as students and their professions. The IOM report suggests utilizing a nurse empowering trend by hospitals around the country. This trend consists of health care organizations encouraging their nurses with associate degrees to enter into baccalaureate nursing programs within a few years of graduation or hire. (National Research Council, 2011) Impact of the IOM Report on Primary Care Nursing Practice The impact of the IOM report on primary care nursing practice suggests a direct link to the conversion of the education system. With specialty care expecting to diminish, primary care is foreseen to generate large numbers of health care consumers in the near future. People across the country will have increased access to primary care. Therefore, it is speculated that primary care nursing practice will require more opportunities and faster transitions for the advancement of nurses to obtain BSN, masterââ¬â¢s and doctorate degrees. Advanced practice registered nurses should have a huge role in the success of primary care. Since there are few APRNs practicing in primary care settings then there will be plenty of opportunity for this group to grow. If these ideas do not evolve as projected then nursing shortages for primary care providers could impede nursing care. The IOM report states that continuous updates to nursing practice and education should be created by collecting and analyzing data from each role and scope of practice. (National Research Council, 2011) The collected data will also be used for future predictions of health care professional requirements in each setting. My Practice Changes in Regard to the IOMââ¬â¢s Report My practice changes in regard to the IOM report in many ways. It is not rare that my unit admits children who are over or under dosed on their medication or are prescribed medicines that are ineffective or not recommended for their diagnosis. I could change my practice to meet the goals of the IOM report by providing families and patients information about their mental health diagnosis, signs and symptoms of an exacerbation of their disorder, contact information to our facility and collect their contact information for a discharge phone call. More so, I can provide them with contact information for trained and skilled mental health professionals in their area and have appointments scheduled within a week or two of discharge. I would ask if the information discussed in the discharge meeting is realistic for them and meets their expectations. Another way I can change my practice to meet the goals of the IOM report is by continuing to chair and co-chair evidence based practice projects pertaining to technology. Technology is mentioned in several case studies in the IOM report and I agree that we should continue to find methods to use it being fiscally responsible. Recommendations for the Nurse Leader Recommendations for the nurse leader according to the IOM report are for nurses and physicians to start working as complete equals while providing healthcare. Nursing must contribute more to leadership roles and continue their education in these roles to help provide increased quality care to patients. Nurses must become more fluent in policy reform by becoming more involved as members of committees, councils and legislation. There should be a greater emphasis and expanded education on nursing leadership in educational programs and employer based competencies. Employers should begin or continue incentives for professional development as the IOM report suggests more nurse leaders are required for reform. (National Research Council, 2011) References National Research Council. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7663320500896848257.post-42496840230234852292019-11-14T14:10:00.001-08:002019-11-14T14:10:04.900-08:00Essay --All About Explorers was developed by a group of teachers as a means of teaching students about the Internet. Although the Internet can be a tremendous resource for gathering information about a topic, we found that students often did not have the skills to discern useful information from worthless data. So we set out to develop a series of lessons for elementary age students in which we would demonstrate that just because it is out there for the searching does not mean it is worthwhile. A typical novice strategy for searching the Internet is to type the topic into the address bar. For example, if you are researching Christopher Columbus, you naturally would look first at www.columbus.com. Unfortunately, as you will see if you click on this link, that is not helpful. Neither is www.columbus.org, which takes you to the Columbus, OH, Chamber of Commerce. There are many less benign examples of site names that do not relate to the topic they appear to be about. While we could use many of the existing sites that make this point for us, we did not want to run the risk of finding out in a... Bill Rowellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05139559770765496313noreply@blogger.com0